【作者】 向佐谊；

【导师】 柳思维； 陈晓红；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 工商管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来30多年经济的快速发展和市场经济体制的建立完善,流通产业在国民经济及社会发展中的地位和作用日益凸显,已经成为国民经济的支柱产业、先导产业和基础产业。然而,由于民族地区的特殊性,流通产业落后,已经成为制约民族地区经济社会发展的重要瓶颈。民族地区的特殊性主要体现在民族特点和地域特点,包括地理区位的特殊性、资源环境的特殊性、交通运输的特殊性、经济基础的特殊性、文化传统的特殊性、制度政策的特殊性。这些特殊性必然体现在流通产业的演进和发展上,具体表现在流通主体分散,经营规模不大；流通商品复杂多样,政策性很强；区域发展不均,总体规模偏小；流通技术长期落后,流通产业效益难以提高；流通产业分工水平低,发展粗放；流通产业制度环境缺失,发展动力不足。本文着眼于解决民族地区流通产业发展中的实际问题,结合当前民族地区的特殊性,着重研究了民族地区流通产业的演进机理、发展水平和影响因素,并在借鉴发达国家流通产业发展经验的基础上,提出了相应的促进民族地区流通产业发展的对策建议。这不但丰富了流通领域相关的理论研究,而且对缩小民族地区流通产业发展差距,促进经济健康持续发展,维护社会和谐稳定具有重要的现实意义。首先,本文对国内外有关流通产业的相关理论和研究文献进行了综述。通过对国内外流通产业发展进行横向比较,具体分析了英国、美国、日本、中国等四个国家流通产业发展的过程和特点,总结了各个国家流通产业发展中可以为我国流通产业发展所借鉴的经验：工业化与城市化是流通产业发展的经济基础,自由贸易和市场经济体制是流通产业发展的制度保障；政府的首要任务是营造一个公平的、竞争性的自由贸易市场；技术与制度创新是流通产业发展的核心问题；国家调控是流通产业健康、平稳发展的必要手段,要不断健全国家对流通产业的宏观调控体系。结合国内外流通产业的发展经验,深入剖析了民族地区流通产业的内涵和特征,并运用劳动分工理论、交易费用理论对民族地区流通产业演进机理及其影响因素进行了深入分析,得出结论：流通产业的演化、发展机理,关键在于流通商为生产商和消费者节约了社会流通费用获取专业化收益,同时,流通商的流通组织成本降低则为流通产业带来正收益。民族地区的特殊性造成社会分工水平低下、经济发展落后、交易费用高、流通效率低,减少了流通专业化收益、增加了流通组织成本,导致民族地区流通产业演进发展缓慢。其次,本文在结合民族地区流通产业的内涵、特征以及民族地区流通产业演进机理分析的基础上,构建了民族地区流通产业发展水平测度的指标体系,该指标体系下分为产业规模、产业效率与效益、产业型态3个准则层,准则层下又分为投入水平、产出水平、产业效率、价值创造、社会贡献、组织化程度和现代化程度7个主题层,共由29个指标构成。通过群决策AHP法和因子分析法确定指标权重,并根据湘西地区的永定区、慈利县、桑植县、永顺县、保靖县、沅陵县、辰溪县和麻阳县8个区县2000-2010的统计数据,对湘西民族地区流通产业发展水平进行了实证分析。结果显示,永定区流通产业的发展水平远远领先于其他7个区县。本文围绕实证结果,分产业规模、产业效率与效益、产业形态这3个准则层以及7个主题层,对每个地区相应的发展指数进行了详尽的比较分析。再次,本文运用面板数据模型,选取社会分工水平、经济发展水平、流通技术发展水平、经济制度、流通产业政策、城市化水平、知识化程度等七方面指标,综合分析了当前影响我国民族地区流通产业发展的主要因素。结果表明,社会分工水平、经济发展水平、信息技术发展水平和知识化程度对流通产业发展具有显著的正向影响,经济制度、流通产业税收政策和城市化水平与流通产业的发展关系不显著。最后,本文对于民族地区流通产业的发展提出了五个方面的政策建议：立足资源优势,发展特色产业,加快改革开放和城镇化进程,促进社会分工；加快交通基础设施建设,加快交易技术发展,改善流通设施,提高流通效率；加大教育文化事业发展力度,培养流通人才队伍；制定和完善政策法规,落实民族地区流通产业支持政策,引导流通产业优先发展；结合各地区特点,创新流通产业的发展模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of Chinese economy and continuous improvement of the market economic system resulting from the reform and opening up for more than30years, circulation industry’s status and role become increasingly important-as a pillar industry, leading industry and basic industry-in the national economy and social development. Nevertheless, due to the particularities of the ethnic minority areas, circulation industry is lagging behind, which has become the bottleneck for economic and social development of these areas. The particularities of the ethnic minority areas are reflected in the ethnic particularities and regional ones, including particularities of the location, environmental sources, transportation, economic base, cultural tradition and policies. These particularities are inevitably embodied in the evolution and development of circulation industry as follows:scattered circulation subjects and small operation scale; complex circulation goods and mandatory policies; uneven regional development and small overall scale; backward circulation techniques and low circulation effectiveness; low level of circulation division of labor and extensive development; lack of flexible policies for circulation industry and inefficient developing impetus.This paper aims to solve the practical issues in the development of circulation industry in ethnic minority regions by combining with the current particularities of these regions. It focuses on the evolution mechanism, developing level and influencing factors of their circulation industry, and, based on the experiences of developed countries, puts forward relevant strategies to promote the development of circulation industry. This not only enriches the theory research on circulation, but also has important practical significance on bridging the gap between minority regions, promoting continuous and healthy development of economy, and maintaining social harmony as well as stability.Firstly, the paper reviews related domestic and foreign literature on circulation industry. It makes a horizontal comparison on domestic and overseas circulation industries, and specifically analyzes the development and characteristics of circulation industry in the UK, U.S., Japan and China. It summarizes foreign experiences that could be borrowed by China for the development of circulation industry:industrialization and urbanization are its economic foundation; free trade and market economic system are its institutional guarantee and government’s primary task is to create a fair and competitive free trade market; technological and institutional innovation are its core issues; state regulation is the necessary means and it is necessary for China to continuously improve the macro-control system for the circulation industry. Furthermore, the paper makes in-depth analyses on the connotation and characteristics of circulation industry in minority regions, and on the evolution mechanism and influencing factors by using division-of-labor theory and transaction cost theory. The conclusion is as follows:the evolution and development of circulation industry lies in the fact that the circulator obtains professional profits by saving circulation cost for producers and consumers, hence, the lower the circulation organizing cost, the higher the profits. The particularities of the ethnic regions result in low level of division of labor, backward economic development, high transaction cost and low circulation efficiency, which reduce professional gains and increase organizing cost. As a result, it leads to the slow development of circulation industry.Secondly, this paper constructs index system to measure the level of circulation industrial development in minority areas, based on the analyses of connotation, features and evolvement mechanism of circulation industry in ethnic areas. The indicator system consists of three criteria layers:industry size, industry efficiency and effectiveness and industry type. Under these three upper layers are seven thematic layers such as input level, output level, industrial efficiency, value creation, social contribution, organization degree and modernization degree, a total of29indicators. Through Group Decision AHP method and factor analysis method, this paper determines the index weight and makes empirical analysis on the development level of circulation industry in Western Hunan ethnic regions by adopting2000-2010statistical data of eight counties or district (Yongding District, Cili County, Sangzhi County, Yongshun County, Baojing County, Yuanling County, Chenxi County, and Mayang county). The result shows Yongding District is far ahead of others in terms of the development level of circulation industry. Based on the result, the paper makes exhaustive comparative analysis on the development indexes of each district by employing the above-mentioned layers.In the next part, the seven indicators of social labor-division level, economic development level, circulation technique level, economic system, urbanization level are employed to comprehensively analyze the main factors influencing the circulation industrial development in China’s ethnic regions. It shows that social labor-division level, economic development level, information technique level and knowledgeability level exert positive impact on the circulation industrial development, while economic system, tax policy of circulation industry and urbanization level bear no obvious relationship with it.Lastly, the paper brings forward five suggestions for the circulation industrial development in ethnic regions:(1) to take advantage of local resources to develop unique industry, and accelerate the process of opening-up and urbanization to promote the social division of labor.(2) to speed up the construction of transport infrastructure and the development of transaction technology, to ameliorate circulation facilities and improve circulation efficiency.(3) to promote the education and culture development and cultivate circulation talents.(4) to formulate and consummate policies and regulations and give priority to the development of circulation industry by putting into practice its supporting policies in ethnic regions.(5) to innovate the development pattern of circulation industry according to particularities in different regions.更多还原