中国二元司法模式研究

【作者】 吴建雄；

【导师】 颜运秋；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 法学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文以中国化的马克思主义法律观为指导,运用政治学、宪法学、刑法学、民法学、经济法学、行政法学、诉讼法学多学科知识,立足于中国国情,从政治理论基础、文化历史源流、司法实践传承和改革发展进路等方面,阐明了人民代表大会制度下审判机关与检察机关分享司法权的二元司法模式之科学性和合理性。从组织架构、权力结构、运行方式和完善路径等方面,厘清了中国一元宪政体制下二元司法模式,与西方三权分立宪政体制下审判中心司法模式的结构性差异；通过回应二元司法体制质疑的学术观点,在对司法权配置模式和实践状况进行深入考量的基础上,系统回答了什么是中国特色的二元司法模式,怎样建设完善二元司法模式的问题。第一,中国二元司法模式的概念与基础。主要阐明二元司法模式的概念与内涵,并从马克思列宁主义的人民主权学说和法律监督思想,中国特色的社会主义理论体系关于人民代表大会制度等基本理论和中国的国情基础及历史文化基础等方面,论证该模式的合理性、必要性。第二,中国二元司法模式的形成与发展。主要阐述该模式是建国初期社会主义制度的必然选择,形成于域外借鉴,巩固于实践传承,发展于改革开放,并对这一过程中有关审检并列司法体制和检察权的属性等学术争论进行梳理和回应。第三,中国二元司法模式的组织架构。从二元司法架构的域比较入手,揭示中西司法不同的宪政定位和中西司法机关概念与内涵的差异。从审检并列的宪政依据,审检对应的机构设置,法官检察官管理制度及审检并列的制度价值等方面,论证审检并列的司法体制架构是中国特色的二元司法模式的组织基础。第四,中国二元司法模式的职权配置。从审检职权配置的历史演进入手,对刑事诉讼中的审检职权、民事行政诉讼中的审检职权、非诉讼活动中的审检职权配置进行阐述和分析,论证以实体裁判为特征的审判权和以程序控制为特征的检察权,是中国特色的二元司法模式的两个核心。第五,中国二元司法模式的运行方式。从刑事诉讼之司法运行,民事行政诉讼之司法运行和中国特色的司法运行规律等方面,分析论证以协调配合与监督制约并行、诉讼与诉讼监督同步为特征的司法方式,是中国特色的二元司法模式的价值体现。第六,中国二元司法的模式改革完善。在阐明否定推行审判中心主义学术观点的基础上,对二元司法改革的目标、原则、总体设想和具体对策进行分析阐述,旨在实现二元司法模式的理论研究与司法实践特别是当前正在开展的司法改革对接,为中国特色社会主义司法制度的建设与完善建言献策。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper uses the legal concept of Marxism in China as a guide, uses multi-disciplinary knowledge of political science, constitutional law, Criminal Law, Civil Law, Economic Law, Administrative Law, Litigation Law. Based on Chinese national conditions, From political theory, cultural and historical origins, the judicial practice of heritage and the reform and development approach, and so on, clarify the science and rationality of the procuratorial organs and the Judicial organs share the judicial power of binary justice model under the people’s Congress system. From the aspect of organizational structure, power structure, operation mode and perfect path, it is clarifying the structural differences of binary justice model under the Chinese constitutional system and the trial center judicial mode of Western constitutional system of the three powers separation. Based on the in-depth consideration and objective evaluation of judicial allocation mode and practice status, it is answer what is binary justice model of Chinese characteristics, and how to perfect the binary justice mode.The first:The basis and concept of Chinese binary justice mode. It is illustrative the concept and meaning of the binary justice model, From the aspect of Marxist-Leninism doctrine of pepole’s sovereignty and the legal supervision ideology, on the basic theory of the People’s Congress system of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese national conditions and the basis and historical and cultural demonstrate the rationality and necessity of the mode.The second:The formation and development of Chinese binary mode of Justice. It is the inevitable choice of Primary stage of socialism, Formed in the extra-territorial draw, consolidated in the practice of heritage, and developing in the reform and opening up, and to sort out and respond of academic debate in this process.The third:The Organizational structure of the binary mode of Justice. It is Start from the compare the structure of binary mode of Justice of the extra-territorial, discoved the differences of the concept and connotation of Chinese and Western judicial organs and the differences of the constitutional position of Chinese and Western. From the constitutional basis for the Parallel of procuratorial and Judicial, the institutional settings correspond to the procuratorial and Judicial, judges and prosecutors management system and the value of procuratorial and Judicial system, to demonstrate the judicial system is the organizational foundation of the dual justice model with Chinese characteristics. The fourth:The terms of allocation of the binary justice model, It is start from the historical evolution of the configuration from the court and prosecutorial powers. to elaborate and analysis the power of procuratorial and Judicial in the criminal Litigation, the power of procuratorial and Judicial in the civil and administrative Litigation, the power of procuratorial and Judicial in the the non-litigation activities, demonstrate the entity for the characteristics of the judicial power and process control features of prosecutorial power,is a binary justice mode of two core with Chinese characteristics.The fifth:Operation mode of the binary justice. From the operation of criminal Litigation, the operation of civil and administrative litigation, and the rule of judicial operation with Chinese characteristics,with the features of coordinate and supervision,litigation and litigation supervision,is a value of binary justice model with Chinese characteristics.The sixth:Reform and perfect the binary judicial mode. From the basis of negate the trial centered academic view,it is illustrative the goal of judicial reform, the basic principles the overall vision and specific measures of the dual judicial reform, aimed at achieving conform with the binary justice model theory and judicial practice, in particular with currently being judicial reform.It is to improve the advice and suggestionsfor the construction of the judicial system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.更多还原