【作者】 李妲；

【导师】 陈潭；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 二十世纪七十年代末以来,随着经济全球化的发展,世界范围内掀起了民主化的浪潮,西方的一些学者将其称之为第三次民主化浪潮。这股浪潮甚至冲击到世界上最封闭、最不可能发生变革、最被人遗忘的地方,如缅甸、蒙古、尼泊尔、甚至阿尔巴尼亚。在人类历史上,从来没有这么多的国家在期盼、建设和实践着民主政治。民主政治作为人类主流文明的象征,成为当今世界各国政治现代化的主要目标。西方国家更是以西方民主制的“完美”而自炫,声称西方民主的价值观在世界各地都极有魅力,东欧剧变、苏联解体后,他们更加鼓吹西方民主是不可战胜的。因此,正在进行中的民主化浪潮既是一次对中国特色社会主义民主政治建设的巨大挑战,同时,也为中国特色社会主义民主政治的发展带来了机遇。孙中山先生曾说,世界潮流,浩浩荡荡,顺之者昌,逆之者亡。中国社会主义民主政治的发展既要顺应世界民主潮流,又要保持自己的特色与优势；既要不断汲取各国民主发展中有益的文明成果,又要从中国的实际出发、不机械照搬别国的民主模式,用更加科学的方式,积极努力地建设社会主义民主政治。因此,我们需要科学的理论指导,需要借鉴社会主义民主建设的有益经验。而经过实践反复证明了的科学理论就是马克思主义理论,值得借鉴的社会主义民主经验就是马克思发现的巴黎公社民主经验。但我们不禁要沉思,历史和社会的大环境都截然不同于今天的巴黎公社,它的民主价值和制度与我们今天的时代是否还有契合?它所追求的民主精神是否符合我们时代的脉搏?对于今天的社会主义民主政治建设还有什么样的价值?本文试从巴黎公社民主试验的思想资源入手,探究巴黎公社民主试验的实践逻辑,总结巴黎公社民主的成功经验和失败教训,回顾社会主义国家对巴黎公社民主经验的借鉴和发展,站在当代视角下重新审视巴黎公社民主的意义。由此得出的结论是：巴黎公社的民主试验虽然是无产阶级对社会主义民主的早期探索,但这些探索已经揭示了社会主义民主的本质内容。它以无产阶级民主权利的落实为根本,以人民当家作主为根基,以实现人的全面自由为最终目标,将民主这一人的基本生存范式植根于现实的批判与理想社会的建构过程中,为人的全面自由发展的实现开辟了无限广阔的前景。在新的历史背景下重新审视巴黎公社的民主试验,对我们今天的民主政治建设具有重要的价值意义、理论意义和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the late1970s, the wave of democratization has been lifted all over the world,with the trend of economic globalization growing and the revolution of science and technology developing. Some western scholars call it the third time a democracy. Democratization is crossing in the world along with market tide. This tide impact even to the world’s most closed, the most unlikely to change, the most forgotten place, such as Burma, Mongolia, Nepal, even Albania. In human history, never had so many countries been in anticipation, construction and practice democracy. Democratic politics become a political modernization’s main goal in the world as the symbol of mainstream human civilization. Western countries is more proud of "perfect" western democracy and the western democratic values are claimed very attractive. They advocated western democracy is invincible after upheaval in eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet union. Therefore, the ongoing democratization is not only the huge challenges,and at the same time, also bring opportunity for the consruction of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics. Dr. Sun yat-sen once said, the world trend, and mightily, ShunZhiZhe chang, NiZhiZhe wu. China should comply with the world democratic tide, but also keep their own characteristics and advantages in the development of the socialist democratic politics. We should absorb the beneficial civilization achievements of other coutries, but can not copy the democratic model inflexiblely. From the reality of China, we’ll construct the socialist democratic politics positively in a more scientific way.With the effort of the party’s several generation of leadership, we have made great achievements in the construction of democratic politics. But we still can’t say already have a mature experience. Therefore, we need scientific theoretical guidance and use the experience of the construction of socialist democracy. The scientific theory is marxist theory which has been proved by practice.So the Paris commune democratic experience which is Marx found is valueble for us to construct socialist democracy. But we can’t help but to meditate, the history and the social environment of the Paris commune are quite different from today, whether its democracy value and system match our era now? Is the most of democratic spirit of compliance fit with the pulse of our time? What kind of value it’ll bring for today’s socialist democratic? From the Paris commune democratic test ideas of resources,we explore the Paris commune democratic experiment practice logic and summarize the success and failure of the Paris commune democracy. Back the reference in the socialist state of the democracy of the Paris commune, we stand in the contemporary perspective to re-examine the Paris commune democracy value. It is sure that the Paris commune of democratic test is socialist democracy’s early exploration for the proletariat.However these exploration has revealed the essential content of socialist democracy. They are still of great value and practical significance for democratic political construction today.更多还原