系统循环与均衡：当代台湾政党政治运行与其两岸政策研究（1986-2011）

【作者】 肖斌；

【导师】 青觉；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族政治学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 当前,我国正面临实现祖国统一和民族复兴的历史重任,两岸关系的发展事关中华民族的根本利益。随着台湾地区的政治转型,岛内的政党政治因素越来越成为影响两岸关系发展的重要要素。通过研究台湾地区的政党政治运行过程,对于我们把握台湾政治及其两岸政策的发展动向,促进对台工作的开展,实现祖国统一大业有着重要理论与现实意义。本文坚持以戴维.伊斯顿的“政治系统理论”为理论分析框架,遵循历史、制度、行为之研究途径,综合运用政治学、历史学、法学、民族学、社会学等相关学科的理论和研究方法,试图对当代台湾政党政治运行与两岸政策的互动影响进行研究,以把握未来两岸关系的发展趋势。本文共分六章。第一章绪论。本章将对本文研究的目的、动机与意义,研究的架构、途径与方法,研究的范围、创新及限制、以及文献综述等问题做出说明及阐释。第二章台湾政党政治与理论回顾。本章将在探析台湾政党政治发展变迁的基础上,对政治系统理论、精英理论以及利益集团理论等进行理论阐释与批判,以增强其用于解释台湾政党政治运行与两岸政策互动影响的理论适应性。第三章系统输入环节的政党政治运行对两岸政策的影响。本章将从台湾政治系统的输入环节,剖析台湾的政党如何在系统边界“守门者”角色上,通过政党政治运作模式,增强或缩小政治环境压力,以满足自身对于两岸政策需求的期待。本章将重点剖析台湾的执政党和在野党在面对“一致政府”和“分立政府”时,针对两岸政策制定进行的社会动员与抗争、政治争议与操纵等现象。第四章系统输出环节的政党政治运行对两岸政策的影响。本章将从政治系统的输出环节,探讨台湾的政党以及政治威权是如何对两岸政策的输出进行策略干预,以应对政党对于两岸政策的压力要求。本章将重点研究台湾政党在1996年以来的三个时期,在面对不同的政治环境变化时,会采取怎样的政治策略来争取政党利益的最大化。第五章系统反馈环节的政党政治运行对两岸政策的影响。本章将探析台湾政党或执政当局是如何以意识形态和政治诉求,通过政治动员、社会运动或大众传媒等,向其它系统成员影响反馈流程的刺激,重塑新的公众意见,进而转换为民众对于政治权威的政治压力,以逼迫政治威权做出回应,甚至跨越政治权威,而形成两岸政策。第六章研究结论。本章将针对全文的研究发现与成果做总结陈述,对未来台湾的两岸政策以及两岸关系发展之前景和问题进行尝试性的预测,并提出相关建议。本文可能的创新之处在于：第一,试图引入伊斯顿政治系统理论,比较系统地对当代台湾政党政治运行与两岸政策之间的互动影响进行综合性研究。在时间跨度上,本文自1986年民进党成立至2011年,贯穿当代台湾政治转型及两岸开启交流的全过程；在逻辑结构上,本文立足于台湾政治系统运行中的输入、输出与反馈的全过程,并试图从系统循环与均衡的定位,来阐述台湾的执政党与在野党针对两岸政策制定的博弈与妥协。第二,本文力求在宏观论证的同时引入个案分析,选取“入联返联公投”、“ECFA议题”、“国共合作平台”等众多典型案例进行剖析,以了解政党政治运行中的“(政)府、(议)院、党”之争、党际互动、社会动员及两岸互动等。第三,本文试图求证以下一些探索性的思考。在台湾地区“宪政”体制下的政党政治运作,将使台湾政治系统趋于一种循环运行中的“均衡”状况,台湾的两岸政策将屈从于这种维系系统生命的“均衡”,反映到两岸关系上,则可能趋于一种“不统、不独、不武”的平稳状态,这可能将成为两岸最终走上统一的羁绊。从政党政治层面而言,两岸要敢于打破政党樊篱,勇于跨越“蓝绿”界限,最大限度地巩固“统一”势力,争取“中间”势力,孤立“台独”势力,促成两岸和平统一水到渠成。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, China is facing the historic task of the reunification of the motherland and the rejuvenation of the nation, the development of cross-strait relations is related to the fundamental interests of the entire Chinese nation. With the political transition in Taiwan, the factor of party politics has increasingly become an important factor affecting the development of cross-strait relations. It’s full of important theoretical and practical significance to grasp the development trend of Taiwan’s politics and its cross-strait policies, to promote the development of Taiwan-related work and to accomplish the reunification of the motherland through the study of party politics in Taiwan.The dissertation adheres to the David Easton political system theory as the framework of theoretical analysis, which attempts to study the interactive effects of the operation of contemporary Taiwanese party politics and cross-strait policies, and grasps the developing trends of the future cross-strait relations with the historical, institutional, behavioral research approaches, the integrated usage of theory and research methods related to the disciplines of political science, history, the science of law, ethnology, and sociology.The dissertation is divided into six chapters. Chapter One is the preface, which makes a description and interpretation about the research purpose, motive, significance, framework, method, scope, innovation and restrictions as well as literature review and other issues. Chapter Two is the theoretical review of Taiwan’s party politics. In this chapter, the political systems theory, elite theory and the theory of interest groups will be theoretically interpreted and criticized on the basis of Taiwan’s party politics’transition in order to enhance its explanation of the theories’ adaptability of the interactive influence of Taiwan’s party politics and cross-strait policies. Chapter Three is the system input link:the influences of party politics on the cross-strait policies.In this chapter, the author will start from the Taiwan’s political system input link, analyze how the Taiwan’s political parties enhance or reduce the political pressure on the environment in the role of the system boundary "gatekeepers" through the operation mode of party politics, and meet their own expectations of the demand for cross-strait policies. This chapter will be focused on the analysis of the circumstances of social mobilization, protest, political dispute, and manipulation aimed at the cross-strait policy-making when the ruling and opposition parties in Taiwan face a "consensus government" or "divided government". Chapter Four is the system output link:the influences of the operation of party politics on cross-strait policies. In this chapter, the author will start from the Taiwan’s political system output link, analyze how the Taiwan’s political parties and political authority make strategic intervention aimed at the output of the cross-strait policies to answer readily to pressure requirements for cross-strait polices from the political parties. This chapter will focus on Taiwan’s political parties, and the kinds of political strategies employed to fight for the maximization of political party interests in the face of a different political environment transition during the three periods since1996. Chapter Five is the system feedback link: the influences of the operation of party politics on cross-strait policies. In this chapter,the author will analyze how the Taiwan’s political parties or the ruling authorities, with the purpose of the ideology and political aspirations, to affect the stimulation of the feedback process on the members of the other systems through political mobilization, social movements, and the mass media, to reshape new public opinions, and then convert them to be the public’s political stress of the political authority, force the political authority to make a response, even avoid political authority, and come into being the cross-strait policies. Chapter Six is the conclusion. In this chapter, the author will make summary statements based on the above research and forecast the future cross-strait policies and prospects for the development of cross-strait relations and issues, and then make further recommendations.There are a few innovations in this dissertation. Firstly, it attempts to introduce Easton political system theory, and make a more systematic comprehensive study on the interaction influences between the operation of contemporary Taiwanese party politics and cross-strait policies.The dissertation embraces the time span of nearly25years since the DPP was established in1986to2011, which runs through the contemporary Taiwan’s political transformation and the process of cross-Straits exchanges. On the logical structure, the author analyzes the game and compromise about the ruling and opposition parties for cross-strait policy formulation, which is based on the input, output and feedback of the whole process of Taiwan’s political system and tries to position the circulating system and balance. Secondly, the dissertation seeks to make the introduction of case studies with the macro argument, select a number of typical cases of "Referendum on UN Membership ","ECFA issues, the KMT-CPC Cooperation Platform" to understand the disputes among the Government, House and Party Politics, inter-party interaction, social mobilization and cross-strait interaction. Thirdly, this dissertation attempts to verify the various forms of exploratory thinking. The Operation of party politics influenced by the "constitutional" system of Taiwan will make an " equilibrium "political circulating system, reflected the cross-strait relations, and maintain the balanced of No Immediate Reunification, No Independence, and No Use of Force", which could become the inhibitor of Reunification of the two sides. From the level of party politics, the two sides should have the courage to break the barriers of political parties, stride across the boundaries of the "blue and green", consolidate the "unification" forces to the fullest extent, win over the" intermediate "forces, isolate the" Taiwan independence "forces, to promote peaceful reunification naturally.更多还原