【作者】 姜新东；

【导师】 谢晖；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法学理论， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 当前我国民法典立法过程中,关于如何规定人格权存在着广泛而又激烈的争议,争议的焦点是人格权的立法方式——人格权是否应该独立成编。但是,人格权是否独立成编不是孤立的问题,这个争议焦点的背后是对人格权一系列基础理论问题的认识的不同。这些问题涉及到对法律上人格概念的理解和法学上对“权利是什么”的追问,还可追溯到哲学上对“人是什么”这个根本问题的理解。理论认识的差异带来制度安排上的不同见解,表现为对一般人格权、法人人格权等制度的理解和立法安排。本文没有对人格权理论和立法中所涉及到的所有争议的问题予以“全面”论述,而是选择了认为和人格权独立成编有密切联系的理论和制度进行探究。论文共分四章。第一章是对人格与人格权的历史考察,本章分为三节。第一节探讨了人格与人格权的涵义,在此基础上分析了人格权与人格具有内在的关联性。第二节对法律上的人格及其涵义的演变进行了探讨,阐明了法律上人格从不平等到平等的发展过程,其原因在于人格的基础发生了从身份到伦理的演变,但人格的伦理性也有退隐的趋势。第三节梳理了人格权的历史脉络,指出人格权源起“人对自身的权利”,但标志着近现代人格权概念的真正产生还是“人格的权利”的提出；从人格权的发展趋势可以看出,人格权的保护范围越来越宽,具体人格权的种类逐渐增多,一些国家开始承认一般人格权,人格权制度也有独立的趋势。第二章对人格权的理论基础进行了研究,本章分为三节。第一节探究了哲学上对人的本质的界定。人的理性本质为法律上的平等人格奠定了基础,为法律上对人格权的保护提供了理论依据,但不能为人格权的丰富的伦理价值做出进一步的解释。本文重新审视了身体论并发掘了其对于人格权的意义。身体论对人的感性的宣扬,哲学上对人的本质的身体向度的研究,并不是把人的本质从理性归为感性,而是从思想上对身心二元论的摒弃,全面确认、肯定人的价值,为人格权的认识提供更好的理论铺垫,并对人格权的发展提供更好的理论解释和指导。第二节探讨了人格权的自然权利属性。我国有学者否认人格权的自然权利属性,经过分析可以看出,古典自然法理论和康德哲学中人格权都具有自然权利的属性,我国承认人格权的自然权利属性有着理论和现实意义。第三节附论,在前述人格权的理论基础之上对法人人格权问题进行了探究,认为所谓法人人格权与自然人人格权有本质的区别,它不具有伦理性；我国不应承认法人人格权,否则有悖于民法人文主义。第三章是探讨了人格权作为实在法上的权利的理论与制度问题。本章分为三节。第一节探讨了人格权作为实在法上的权利的理论争议,回答了对人格权作为权利的前提——权利概念的理解,论述了人格权作为权利的特殊性,并对我国当前关于权利概念的通说——权利利益说适用于人格权提出了质疑。第二节探讨了人格权的权利性质。人格权的本质属性是专属性,内在于人格的权利体现了人格权的本质,绝对不可商业化；人格权作为支配权有其特殊性,通过人格权客体的特殊性、对支配权概念的认识、如何看待自杀、自残行为和部分人格权的商业利用几方面对此进行了分析。第三节探讨了宪法人格权与民法人格权。首先,从义务主体、理念和内容之规定几方面对二者进行了比较,并对我国宪法人格权与民法人格权做了具体的比较分析。其次,探究了二者的转化,主要是宪法价值在民法人格权中的浸润和民法对宪法人格权的补充。还对宪法人格权的民法效力进行了分析。第四章对我国当前人格权立法中的争议制度和立法体例安排做了探讨。本章分为二节。第一节探讨了一般人格权制度,首先从法学方法论上对一般人格权的概念进行了辨析,接着对我国民法典规定一般人格权的模式和内容进行了研究论证,最后对一般人格权的制度价值、不确定性以及克服进行了论述。第二节对我国民法典人格权部分是否应独立成编进行了探讨,首先是基于人格权与人格的关系、人格权的权利性质理论这两种传统的分析路径进行了分析,然后从法学方法论体系构建的角度论证了人格权应该独立成编。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now our country civil code is in the process of legislation. There is a wide and fierce debate about personality rights. The focus of controversy is the personality rights legislation way--whether the personality rights should be independent compile. But whether independent personality right problems are not isolated. There are different understandings of the basic theory about personality rights. These controversy problems are related to the understanding of the concept of legal personality and "what is right." It can be traced back to the philosophy of "what is man" which is a fundamental philosophy problem. Theoretical understanding of the differences lead to the different system arrangement which are the general personality right and whether to admit legal person personality rights. This paper does not involved in all the issues about theory and legislation of personality rights, but discussed theories and systems which are related to the personality right attributes and whether personality right should be single compile. Paper is divided into four chapters.The historical research of personality right is studied in chapter1. There are three parts in chapter1. Part1discusses the meaning of the right of personality and personality, personality and personality rights within the association on this basis. Part2discussed the evolution of legal personality and its meaning, to clarify the legal personality from inequality to equality of the development process. The reason is that the basis of the personality of the evolution from status to ethics. But the ethics basis of personality has a tendency to retreat. Part3combed the historical context of personality rights, pointed out that the source of personality rights "of their own rights" is the sign of the real production of the modern concept of personality rights or the rights of personality. It can be seen from the right of personality development trend of the increasingly wide scope of protection of the right of personality. Specific personality rights of the species are gradually increasing. Some countries have started to recognize the general personality right and moral rights system also has a separate trend.The chapter2is the theoretical basis of the moral rights. This chapter is divided into three.Partl explores the definition of the philosophy of human nature, and laid the foundation for man’s rational nature of legal equality personality, and provides a theoretical basis for the law on the protection of personality rights, but not for the personality rights of the rich ethical value to make further explanation. The body theory and its meaning for personality rights are discussed. Body on the person’s emotional preaching the philosophy of human nature, body dimensions, not the nature of human reason classified as emotional, but to abandon the ideological dualism of body and mind. The full recognition of the value of the source of the personality rights theory paves the way to provide a better theoretical explanation and guidance for personality rights development. Part2examines the natural rights property of the personality rights. China scholars deny the natural right property of the personality right. Personality rights have the natural right property, which can be seen through the analysis in the classical natural law theory and the philosophy of Kant. To recognize the natural right property of personality rights in China has theoretical and practical significance. Part3accompanies the right of personality theory based on the legal person the inquiry. The so-called right of legal personality and personality rights of natural persons are essentially different. It is not ethical. China should recognize that the property of legal personality right is contrary to the civil law of humanism.The chapter3explores the theoretical problems and some systems of the personality rights as actual law rights. This chapter is divided into three. Part1discusses theoretical arguments of the personality rights on actual law, and answered the right of personality as the premise of the right-the right understanding of the concept. The personality right as a special right, and our country current concept of rights announcements-the rights and interests theory to apply to personality rights are questioned. Part II discusses the nature of the right of the personality rights. Some specific personality rights which reflect the essence of the right of personality are absolutely of non-commercialization. The personality right as controlling right has its particularity and the object of personality right also has its particularity. The understanding of the concept of control is over how to treat suicide, self-mutilation behavior and the analysis of the commercial aspects of the personality rights. Part III discusses the personality rights of the constitution and civil law personality rights. The two aspects of the provisions of the obligations, the main ideas and content are compared. The transformation of Constitution Personality rights and civil law personality rights is also explored, which involve the main constitutional values infiltration in the personality rights in civil law and the complement of civil personality rights for the constitution. The effects of constitutional personality rights in civil law is also discussed.Several dispute system and style of the personality rights in legislation are discussed in chapter4. There are two parts in this chapter. The general personality right is discussed in part1. It is firstly discussed to clarify the general personality right and the related rights which is based on methodology level. How to stipulate the general personality right contents in the Chinese civil code is also discussed. The institutional value and uncertainty of the general personality right and how to overcome are detailed. Part2is about the analysis of independent compile of legal personality rights. It is firstly based on the analysis of the personality right attributes theory and the law system construction of the methodology of perspective. Secondly, it discussed that the personality rights should be a single compile from the point of legal methodology system view.更多还原