【作者】 李继明；

【导师】 范业宽；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 土地资源是一种自然、经济和社会三者的综合作用体,是生态环境各要素之间相互作用的联结纽带,同时也是人类社会赖以生存发展最基本的自然资源。实现土地资源利用的可持续性,是解决人类生存和发展的基础。本研究以外业实地调查、内业资料收集和地理信息系统(GIS)作为获取和处理数据的主要技术手段,以生态承载力理论和可持续发展理论等为主要理论依据,在探讨土地资源利用环境友好型的概念与内涵的基础上,从生态环境、经济和社会三个方面,构建了土地资源利用环境友好型评价体系的基本框架,建立了县域尺度上土地利用环境友好型分级系统和分级标准,提出了以综合指数法与单指标多角度评价法相结合的土地资源利用环境友好型评价方法。以河南省长葛市(县级)为例,采用综合指数法与单指标多角度评价方法相结合的评价方法,评价了该市土地资源利用环境友好型利用状况,并依据对长葛市土地利用现状、动态变化以及长葛市土地资源环境友好型利用水平评价的结果,设计提出了针对长葛市不同的自然地理条件特征的环境友好型土地利用模式。主要研究结果如下：(1)总结提出了土地资源环境友好型利用评价的理论基础。土地资源环境友好型利用研究所依据的基础理论包括可持续发展思想、系统科学理论、生态农业理论等,针对县域土地资源环境友好型利用状况及其特点,进一步研究分析提出了其概念内涵。研究认为环境友好型的土地利用是以遵循自然规律为准则,与土地的可持续利用在内涵上是基本一致的、与资源环境承载力相协调的、并与建设社会主义新农村相辅相成的一种在现有的认识水平和技术水平下不产生负外部性或者负外部性最小化的、追求人与自然和谐共存的土地利用模式。(2)深入研究了县级土地资源环境友好型利用的评价指标体系及评价方法。系统分析了土地资源环境友好型利用评价的原则、方法和过程,以目标层、准则层、评价指标层和元指标层等4个层次为评价指标体系的基本框架,从生态环境、经济和社会三个方面设置了37个评价元指标,构建了县域土地资源环境友好型利用的评价指标体系。(3)以典型县域—河南省长葛市(县级市)为例,进行了实证研究。综合评价得出：11年间长葛市土地资源环境友好型利用水平从总体上而言是不断缓慢提高的,从2000年的0.6389提高到了2010年的0.7931,标准值上升了0.1548,年平均提高0.01408,长葛市的土地利用水平从不友好阶段逐步过度到了临界友好阶段,直至过度到目前的基本友好阶段,其中,社会可接受性水平对土地环境友好利用水平的贡献最大,11年间标准值上升了0.3639,其次是经济可行性,11年间标准值上升了0.1891,生态环境友好性水平对土地环境友好利用水平的贡献最小,其标准值在这11年间仅上升了0.0275。(4)研究了环境友好型土地利用模式的设计方法,从环境友好的角度出发,根据土地资源环境友好型利用评价结果,进一步依据系统聚类分析的方法将长葛市目前的土地利用状况划分为3类不同的地区,即3种不同的土地利用功能区：Ⅰ生态协调区、Ⅱ生态控制区和Ⅲ生态建设区,并针对不同的土地利用功能区提出了相应区域的环境友好型土地利用模式。本论文主要创新点如下：(1)提出了县域土地资源环境友好型利用评价的核心内涵。本文分析提出,土地资源环境友好型利用的基础理论是可持续发展思想、系统科学理论、生态农业等理论；针对县域土地资源环境友好型利用,进一步对土地资源的特性及归属、土地资源环境友好型利用的概念、内涵及核心内容进行了系统的分析和阐述,认为土地资源环境友好型利用是土地资源可持续利用在时空上的延伸,是可持续发展战略在资源利用领域的运用和深化,为土地资源环境友好型利用模式的研究提供了科学依据。(2)系统地研究并提出了县级土地资源环境友好型利用的评价指标体系及综合评价方法。本文提出土地资源环境友好型利用评价的原则、方法和过程都应以生态承载力理论和可持续发展思想为基础,从自然资源、生态环境和社会经济实际状况,从生态环境友好性、经济可行性和社会可接受性多个方面进行综合评价,进而构建了县域土地资源环境友好型利用评价指标体系；在评价指标体系的基础上,提出了相应的县级土地资源环境友好型利用的评价方法,主要包括综合指数法与单指标多角度评价方法,并提出了两种方法相结合的综合评价方法。此外,还提出了在土地环境友好型评价中同时运用生态系统服务功能价值评价方法进行整体校正的思路。(3)提出了环境友好型土地利用模式的分区设计思想。在综合分析土地资源环境友好型利用状况的基础上,提出应从环境友好的角度出发,根据土地资源环境友好型利用评价结果,进一步通过聚类分析、实地调查、专家咨询、归纳法和GIS技术等技术和方法对土地利用进行分区和利用模式规划,获得符合区域特点的环境友好型土地利用模式的整体规划方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land resource is one of important natural resources. As a joint product from economical and society’s integration, land resource is the most basic natural resource for living. Land resource places the base for the human survival and the development foundation. The current researches, based on the field operation such as on-the-spot investigation, the office work acquisition of information and the geographic information system (GIS), take use of techniques in data aquistion and the processing. The paper started on the illustration of the ecology supporting capacity theory as well as sustainable development theory, and discussed land resource use environment friendly concept and its foundation. From the view of ecological environment, economy and social requirement, the paper constructed a land resource use environment friendly evaluation framework and established in the research county land use evaluation by a hierarchy system and grading standards. By combining two models, the comprehensive multiple variables evaluation and the single target evaluation, the paper established land-use environment friendly assessment model at county level. Taking the Henan Province Changge (county level) as an example, the paper used the proposed assessment method and applied both evaluation models, to study the city’s land resource use environment friendly condition. According to the land use status and analysis of the dynamic change and the evaluation results of land resources in the environment friendly use of Changge city.In the light of different natural and geographical conditions of Changge city and constructed the different environment friendly land utilization pattern. The work includes:(1) Land resource environment friendly-use evaluation theories were studied. The land resource environment friendly-use research is based on multiple theories, including sustainable development, systems science theory, the ecological agriculture theory and so on. In view of the county territory land resource environment friendly use, the paper further analyzed its concept of environment friendly-use land use.The study considers the environment friendly land utilization is which to follow natural law as the norm, the same connotation with sustainable land use, in accordance with resource and environmental capacity, thecomplement each other with building socialist new countryside, and understanding the current knowledge and technique, to pursue harmony and coexist of people and nature. (2) Comprehensive land resource environment friendly use evaluating index system and assessment methods at county level. The paper analyzed the principle of the land resource environment friendly use evaluation and evalution methods systematically, taking four microbe groups in target layer, rule layer, evaluation index layer and finite element index laye as basic frame of the appraisal indexe system, setting37evaluation indicators From three aspects of the ecological environment, economy and society and constructed a land resource environment friendly use evaluating index system at county level.(3) The paper conducted an empirical study using Changge county territory as an example.The comprehensive evaluation conclusions are as follows:the environment-friendly utilization level in land resources of Changge City In the11years was the general continuous slow increase, from0.7931in2010to0.6389in2000whose standard values have increased by0.1548, increasing0.01408about the annual average, and Changge Cityland use leve lwas from unfriendly stage to transition to the critical-friendly stage, until the current friendly stage, ollowed by economic feasibility whose standard values increases0.1891In the11years. The eco-friendly level is the minimum contribution to the land whose standard value has risen by only0.0275in the past11years.(4) The paper studied the environment friendly land utilization pattern design, from environment friendly aspect. It proposed the corresponding region environment friendly land utilization pattern based on the land resource environment friendly use evaluation results, according to the method of Systematic Cluster Analysis, the current status of land use division to three different regions, changge City current status of land use is divided into three different areas, that is to say:I ecological harmony District, II ecological control and, Ⅲecological construction area, and aiming at functional areas for different land use, and puting forward the environment friendly land utilization pattern.The main creative points of this paper as follows:(1) The paper discussed land resource environment friendly use evaluation theory for county-level. This article proposed land resource environment friendly-use theory and argued that the theory should be based on sustainable development, system science theory, and ecological agriculture. In view of the county-level territory land resource environment friendly use, the paper further discussed the theories like land resource’s characteristic and the ownership, the land resource environment friendly use’s concept, the implications and the key content carried on land use analysis and the evaluation. It is thought that the land resource environment friendly use is the land resource sustainable use in space and time. In addition, it is also the sustainable development in the resources use domain utilization.(2) The paper studied and proposed systematically the county level land resource environment friendly use evaluating index system and the quality evaluation methods. This article proposed that the land resource environment friendly use evaluation principle, arguing that the method and the process should take the ecology supporting capacity theory and the sustainable development as foundations. The evaluation index system should be from the natural resource, the ecological environment and the social economy perspective to build land use evaluation system. Practically the ecological environment friendliness, economical feasible and social acceptabilityshould be taken to carry on the quality evaluation. The paper proposed the method to construct the county territory land resource environment friendly use evaluating index system. Based on the evaluation index system, the paper proposed the corresponding county level land resource environment friendly use’s assessment methods, mainly including the synthesis exponential method and the single target assessment method. It is thought that the two methods can be used together to unify quality synthetic evaluation method. In addition, the paper proposed the need to carry on the ecosystem service function value assessment as adjust for land use evaluation in land environment friendly framework.(3) The paper proposed the concept of the environment friendly land utilization pattern district design. In a generalized analysis land resource environment friendly use condition’s foundation, the paper proposed that environment friendly district design should be based on the land resource environment friendly use measure results. It is believed that further research through the cluster analysis, on-the-spot investigation, the expert consult, and other technologies and the methods including GIS technology should be integrated to carry on for the land use pattern plan and the land utilization, according to the region characteristic environment friendly land utilization patterns.更多还原