泰语构词研究

【作者】 何冬梅；

【导师】 杨光远； 潘悟云；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 中国少数民族语言文学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 泰国是我国的友好邻邦，泰民族与我国的傣族属于同根生的民族，泰文是壮侗语族中文字历史最悠久的文字，很有研究价值。我国泰语界对泰语的研究还需要进一步加强，尤其是对泰语词汇学中的构词研究还相当薄弱，因此，我选择了“泰语构词研究”作为我的研究课题。本课题结合汉藏语系这个研究背景，借鉴汉藏语系语言构词研究的相关理论和丰富成果，对泰语构词进行专题性研究。本文共分为九个章节，第一章主要介绍相关理论、研究成果、本文研究的目的及意义。第二第至第七章，对泰语的词汇系统、词的分类、单纯词、复合词、派生词和四音格词等问题从构词的角度进行了细致的描写和分析。第八章阐述了巴利语梵语借词对泰语的重要影响，重点探讨泰语中巴利语梵语借词的构词情况。第九章，泰语、傣语构词比较，探讨和总结泰语和傣语构词的异同情况。最后部分是结束语，对整个论文的泰语构词研究作全文归纳总结，并提出自己的看法。本文的研究目的旨在对泰语构词进行全面、系统的分析、研究，力图探究和揭示泰语的构词特点和规律。泰语尽管是跨境民族语言，但它具有着汉藏语系的共同特点，泰语同样属于单音节型语言，在构词方式上复合构词占有主要地位，大部分泰语复合词结构和句法结构具有基本的一致性，如联合式、偏正式、动宾式、主谓式和补充式等五种最基本的结构类型，同样可以采用句法结构的理论和方法来进行分析。此外，泰语同我国的傣语同属汉藏语系壮侗语族壮傣语支的语言，语言上关系非常亲密，在构词上具有本语支的共同特征。但由于所处环境不同，语言接触层面不同，词汇量的增加，时代的变迁等多种因素，泰、傣两种语言在原有的基础上，后来产生了分化，差异性也在不断增加。将泰、傣两种语言从构词方面进行比较，可以弥补单个语言研究的片面性，找出其异同特点及造成异同性的原因。本文在前人的研究基础上主要做出以下创新：1、本论文研究具有拓展性。“泰语构词研究”在国内研究中，无论是在研究角度还是研究范围上都和以往的研究有所区别。本文致力于泰语的构词规律研究，涉及造词、构形等方面的内容，兼与傣语构词比较，探究并揭示泰语的构词规律，以期为汉藏语系壮侗语族壮傣语支诸语言的词汇研究作出自己的努力。为泰语词汇研究提供相关语言材料研究方法和理论依据，同时为学习泰语提供教学方面的实践和理论指导。2、本论文从构词、构形、造词三种方法入手，以进一步探索和总结泰语词汇的结构和规律。构词上，重点研究泰语复合词、派生词的结构形式。泰语中的外来语巴利语梵语借词对泰语词汇系统有着深远影响，巴利语梵语是形态变化及为丰富的曲折语，通过长期融合，大部分已成为泰语词汇中基本词的一部分，本论文通过其构词规律来揭示其演变过程。论文还在对泰语构词的详细描写的基础上与傣语构词进行对比，找出异同性，以其达到对整个泰语构词系统的全面认识。总之，笔者希望通过本项研究能对汉藏语系壮侗语族壮傣语支主语言的词汇研究尽一点绵薄之力。以研究泰语构词系统作为研究对象，并同国内亲属语言进行比较，这是以往研究涉及较少的领域。由于自己的学识和水平有限，加之本论文的研究具有相当大的难度，在研究过程中，肯定存在着不少错误和不够深入的地方，有待于进一步研究，提高水平。在此，笔者衷心希望专家们不吝赐教，批评指正。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Kingdom of Thailand is a good neighbor of China. The Thai people inThailand and the Tai people in China share the same cultural background. The Thaicharacters are the script with the longest history among the ethnic groups ofZhuang-tong language group. It is much worth to make the study of the Thai language,especially on its lexicology. The study on the word-formation of Thai language inChina is inadequate. Under such circumstance, I chose the topic “On theWord-formation Study of Thai Language” as my research orientation as well as mydoctorial dissertation title. My dissertation focuses on the discussion of theword-formation of the Thai language by using the related theories on the Sino-Tibetanlanguage family and the rich achievements on the word-formation of mandarinChinese for reference.The dissertation consists of nine chapters. The first chapter offers an introductionto the past achievements in this field and the purpose and significance of the study.The second and the third chapter provide the theoretical evidence on theword-formation study of the Thai language. From the fourth to the seventh chaptergive an analyze and description in detail to the single word, compound word,diversion word and quadric-syllabic word of the Thai language. The eighth chapterdemonstrates the critical effect of the Sanskrit language on the Thai language.Meanwhile, it discusses the words which the Thai borrowed from the Sanskrit. Theninth chapter makes the comparative study on the word-formation between the Thaiand the Tai language, and, the similarities and differences on the word-formation ofthe two languages are also summed up in this chapter. The last part of the dissertationis the conclusion which includes an overall view on the word-formation of the Thailanguage. The purpose is to give a whole analyze and a detailed description to theword-formation of the Thai language and make a further study on its features andregulations as well.I myself regard that the word-formation of the Thai language shares some of thesame features with some ethnic groups of Sino-Tibetan language family though theirlanguages are affiliated to the cross-board group. The Thai language is amono-syllabic language, so the compounding way plays a major role in formingwords. The structure of the compound words of the Thai language is in accord with itssyntactic structure. The Thai language has five basic forms, such as the unit form, theadjective form, the predicate-object form, the subject-predicate form and the complimentary form. Similarly, these forms can be analyzed by employing thetheories and methods of syntax. In addition to the close relationship between the Thaiand the Tai, both of them have the common features of word-formation. However, dueto the different communicative situations, the different levels of language contact, thedifferent amount of increscent vocabulary and the changes of the time, the Thailanguage also appears some divergence. In some degree, the difference from the Tai isbecoming greater and greater. Therefore, it is important to conduct the comparativestudy on the word-formation of the Thai and the Tai so as to figure out theirsimilarities and differences and the reasons resulted from.Based on the past achievements by the former scholars, my work has thefollowing creative points as follows:First, relatively speaking, my work has a larger scale. Not only is it theperspective but also the research scale is much different from the others and the past.My work focuses on the regulation of the word-formation of the Thai language aswell as the comparative study with the Tai so as to do some contribution to the lexicalstudy of the languages in Zhuang-tong language group of Sino-Tibetan languagefamily.Second, the methodology I applied in my work is to figure out the regulation ofthe lexical structure of the Thai language from the perspectives of the word-formation,the word-building and the word-making. As far as the word-formation is concerned,my work concentrates on the structural form of the compound word and the diversionword so as to prove the fact that the Sanskrit had made great effect on the lexicalsystem of the Thai language. A number of studies have shown that the Sanskrit is aninflexion language with its morphological change. Many of the Sanskrit words wereborrowed and to be the essential words in the Thai language through a long-timeblending. So, my work attends to expose the variation process of the Thai language byillustrating its regulation of the word-formation. In order to have a betterunderstanding about the lexical system of the Thai language, I prefer demonstratingthe regulation of the word-formation in detail and conducting the comparative studyon the word-formation of the Thai and the Tai language.From the above, we may find out that the previous study in this field issomewhat limited. However, some mistakes and shortcomings are not avoided due tomy academic knowledge and research experience. All in all, I hope a little bit ofcontribution on the lexical study of Zhuang-tong language group of Sino-Tibetan language family I will do in my work.更多还原