【作者】 许静；

【导师】 祁国宁；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 面对当今经济全球化和产品多样化的挑战,制造企业迫切需要应用现代管理方法和信息技术来管理企业资源,从而提升其应对市场需求的快速响应能力。有序化作为企业信息管理的基石,是实施制造企业信息化的关键步骤之一。本文针对模块化产品平台这一平台管理策略,提出了面向模块化产品平台的技术对象有序化体系结构,对技术对象有序化的关键技术进行深入的研究,并结合实际项目进行应用实施。第一章从市场环境的背景和生产、管理等方面的需求引入,论述了有序化的内涵,并从有序化的角度,给出了合理化、模块化、规范化、组织化和标准化的定义。通过界定制造企业有序化的范围,将研究内容定位于产品有序化并对其展开了论述。回顾了模块化产品平台和产品有序化的研究现状,分析了面向模块化产品平台的产品有序化研究的方向,并在此基础上提出论文研究的主要内容和组织结构。第二章首先界定了面向模块化产品平台的产品有序化的研究对象,提出了基于元对象机制MOF的技术对象有序化框架,并对组成该框架结构的技术对象层、模型层、元模型层以及元元模型层的结构、元素组成和元素之间的关系进行了论述。接着,阐述了面向模块化产品平台有序化的难点和内容,从而明确有序化的研究目标。最后,分析了包含目标层、方法层和技术层的面向模块化产品平台的技术对象有序化的技术体系和关键技术。第三章研究了面向模块化产品平台的技术对象规范化技术,包括技术对象名称的规范化、技术对象分类建模的规范化、技术对象分类元模型描述的规范化。从构建名称规范体系、制定名称规范原则和建立名称字典等几方面阐述了面向模块化产品平台的技术对象的名称规范化。在分析分类建模的研究趋势以及分类建模原则的基础上,给出了需求维、技术对象维和事物特性维三个维度的技术对象分类建模体系框架,并建立了面向模块化产品平台的技术对象分类元模型。同时,探讨了技术对象分类元模型的规范化描述机制,包括分类结构的形式化描述、不同制造模式下技术对象类的描述、分类结构节点间的对象链关系描述以及适于企业实施的事物特性的描述。第四章研究了面向模块化产品平台的技术对象组织化技术,重点论述了分类技术和编码技术。针对技术对象的分类,采用定量和定性相结合的手段,提出了两大关键技术,即以分类精度和检索效率为评价指标的基于商空间的技术对象类粒度优化技术；在选取熵减最大的特性或特性组合作为当前节点的分类特性的前提下,基于设计结构矩阵DSM的分层原理和技术对象特性语义相似度,构建技术对象分类结构的技术。针对编码技术,引入了面向模块化产品平台的编码体系,即技术对象的编码规范、编码原则、编码关系等,并给出了分类码和识别码的参考方案。第五章针对模块化产品平台对重用提出的新要求,分析了基于有序化的技术对象重用建模技术,在重用建模原则的基础上,给出了重用深度、重用广度和重用方式三个维度的技术对象重用建模框架,从而提出基于有序化的技术对象重用过程模型。同时,从重用广度-重用深度和重用深度-重用方式两个侧面,提出适用于企业实施的技术对象重用策略,并分析了需求映射和匹配评价两个关键技术。选取配置设计为例,以生命序列图为描述工具,阐述企业人员如何应用上述重用模型和重用策略的重用场景。第六章论述了面向模块化产品平台的技术对象有序化系统在某柴油机研究所的实现和具体应用,对有序化方法及关键技术进行了初步验证。以构建有序化分类结构为目标,着重对零件对象在准备阶段、规范化阶段、组织化阶段和重用阶段等各个环节的基本思路、实施方法、目的意义及各步骤之间的反复迭代过程、相互影响等注意事项展开讨论。第七章对全文工作进行了总结,并对后续研究工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Confronted with the challenges of economic globalization and product diversification in recent years, manufacturing enterprises urgently need to apply modern management methods and information technologies to manage the existing resources, thus to improve its ability of fast response to market. As the foundation of information management, information ordering is the one of the key step to implement manufacturing enterprise informatization. The theory, architecture and key technologies of technical objects ordering for the modular product platform were proposed in this article. With financial support by application project, the ordering system was developed.In the first chapter, the background of marketing environment and the requirements of production and management come into being was analyzed. The connotation of ording was explicited. Meanwhile, the definition of rationalization, modularization, normalization, organization and standardization was proposed from the standpoint of ordering. Product ordering was focused on and discussed in this article through defining the scope of ordering in manufacturing enterprises. The research status of modular product platform and product ordering were reviewed and the fields of product ordering oriented to modular product platform were analyzed. Then, the organization structure and research contents of this dissertation were proposed.In the second chapter, the research objects of product ordering oriented to modular product platform were defined. Then, the ordering system frame of technical objects based on meta object facility was constructed, composed of technical objects layer, models layer, meta models layer and meta-meta models layers, and the construction, the composition elements and the elements relations of each layer were discussed. Then both contents and difficulties of ordering oriented to modular product platform were described to explicit the goals of this dissertation. Finally, the ordering technical system of technical objects comprised of the target layer, method layer and technology layer was described as well as its several key technologies.In the third chapter, the normalization technologies of technical objects were studied, involving the normalization of name, classification modeling and the description of meta-models. The name normalization of technical objects oriented to modular product platform was elaborated by constructing name norm system, establishing name norm rules and buliding name dictionary. The classification modeling system frame of technical objects was introduced which described by three dimensions, including requirements, technical objects and article characteristics. Based on the trends and rules of classification modeling for technical objects, the classification meta-model of technical objects oriented to modular product platform was presented. Meanwhile, the normalization description mechanism of classification meta-model for technical objects was discussed, including the description of classification structure, the class of technical objects under different manufacturing patterns, the relation of objects chain among different structrue nodes and article characteristics.In the fourth chapter, the organization technologies of technical objects oriented to modular product platform were studied, especially for the technology of classification and coding. For the classification technologies, three key technologies were proposed in terms of combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches which includes the optimization technology for class granularity of technical objects based on quotient space using classification accuracy and retrieval efficiency as evaluation indexes; the classification structure construction technology based on the theory of layering on DSM and semantic similarity of characters under the premise of selecting the character or group with max entropy reduction as the classification character of current node; the multiple classification technology implemented by the index of technical object according to the actual demands of users. For the case of coding, the coding system for modular product platform was introduced which including coding norms, coding principles, coding relations and so on. Meanwhile, the reference schemes of classification code and identification code were provided as well as the coding schemes in the case of multiple classification.In the fifth chapter, aimed at the new requirements of reuse from modular product platform, the technologies of reuse modeling for technical objects were analyzed based on ordering. On the basis of the principles for reuse modeling, the frame of reuse modeling was established by depth dimension, width dimension and pattern dimension. Consequently, the process model of reuse for technical objects was proposed based on ordering. After that the reuse strategies were presented from the width dimension-depth dimension and depth dimension-pattern dimension. The mapping of requirements and the matching evaluation as two key technologies were described. Take configuration design as example, the reuse scenes of applying the reuse models and the reuse strategies for enterprise personnel were analyzed by means of live sequence chart.In the sixth chapter, the ordering system of technical objects oriented to modular product platform was applied in a research institute of diesel engine. The main functions were displayed by screen-shots of the system. Most of the methods, technologies and system of the research in the dissertation were validated. Aimed to constructing classification structure of ordering, the steps of preparatory stage, normalized stage, organized stage and reusing stage were emphasized for parts. During the course of description, each step was gone through basic thinking, implement methods, purpose, iteration among the steps, influences of iteration, etc.The last chapter is conculsion and outlook. The achievements of the dissertation were summarized, and the innovations were pointed. The future research works were put forward to outlook.更多还原