【作者】 刘红峰；

【导师】 乌东峰；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 全球人口膨胀、经济增长和城市化进程对水资源和耕地等人类赖以生存的自然资源的耗损、生态环境的破坏使人类感到越来越大的压力,我国农业资源节约与环境友好事关经济社会可持续发展的头等大事。2012年中央一号文件三分之二的篇幅谈农业科技创新与可持续发展问题,强调要坚持产业需求导向,从农民实际需要出发,着眼长远,超前部署农业前沿技术和基础研究,力争在世界农业科技前沿领域占有重要位置的重要部署,明确了农业科技创新的价值取向是面向产业需求,突破农业重大关键技术和共性技术,切实解决科技与经济社会发展的脱节问题。本研究从我国农业科技创新的历史嬗变入手,梳理了农业科技创新与农业资源、环境之间存在的悖论与劣化问题,探索了我国农业科技创新与农业资源、环境之间无法实现经济社会问题与科技创新对接的成因,在传统农业科技创新与资源、环境之间的方针政策、法律法规、管理制度系统的不兼容性的基础上,借鉴世界经济发达国家、发展中国家及邻近类似国家的农业环境与资源科技创新与运行体制的实践经验,提出了在资源节约与环境友好要素介入农业科技创新耦合下的框架模型,探索设计了产、学、研、府、民多主体、多角度、多视野、全方面、立体式、链条螺旋性协同运行的两型农业科技创新系统。并构建了切合我国生态与生物特质(按六大区域划分)的农业资源节约与环境友好(两型)科技创新评价指标系统的育化、选择机制,对我国两型农业科技创新制度环境系统、两型农业科技创新运行系统、两型农业科技创新产出能力系统、两型农业科技创新的资源节约系统、两型农业科技创新的环境友好系统等六大系统进行了论证,构建了两型农业科技创新的评价系统,为促进两型农业科技创新提供了决策支持。嗣后,本研究根据新形势、新任务和新要求,预判两型农业科技创新在未来20-40年所面临的发展机遇与系列巨大挑战,对两型农业科技创新的深层次演进方向提出了科学定位和趋势把握。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the global population explosion, economic growth and urbanization, the quantity and quality of human food demand will double and human can feel increasing pressure to the depletion of natural resources for human survival, such as the land and water, human development on the ecological environmental awareness, protection and recovery more difficult and more important. China’s agricultural resource-saving and environment-friendly are related to a top priority of agriculture and sustainable economic and social development. In2012two-thirds of the length of File1, the central document comes to the issue of agricultural technological innovation and sustainable development, it stresses:"It should be adhered that the industrial demand-driven must proceed from farmers’actual needs; meanwhile, we should focus on long-term perspective and deploy agricultural frontier technology and basic research ahead of time, strive to occupy an important position in the world of agricultural science and technology frontier." In the value orientation of the agricultural scientific and technological innovation, we should be clear that scientific and technological innovation geared to the needs of the demand of industry, and make breakthroughs in agriculture in important key technologies and common technologies to effectively solve the problem that science and technology are divorced from economic and social development.This paper starts with the historical evolution of China’s agricultural science and technology innovation, combines the paradox and deterioration problems exists between the agricultural scientific and technological innovation and agricultural resources and environment and explores the causes of formation that why China’s agricultural science and technological innovation, agricultural resources and the environment can not be docked successfully with the economic and social issues and technological innovation. On the basis of the incompatibilities of principles and policies, laws and regulations, management systems, between traditional agricultural technology innovation, resources and the environment, in the premise of using the experience of agricultural environment and resources to scientific and technological innovation and operation in practice in other developed countries, developing countries and adjacent similar countries, it proposes intervention in the resource-saving and environment-friendly elements of the framework of the coupled model of agricultural science and technology innovation. From the level of responsibility of the national economic and social sustainability, it explores and designs industry, academic, research, government, multi-agent, multi-angle, multi-perspective, all aspects of three-dimensional chain spiral synergy run two types of agricultural sciences and technology innovation system. This paper also builds a suit of training and selection mechanism to meet our ecological and biological (divided in accordance with six regions) characteristics of the agricultural resources saving and environment-friendly (two types) technological innovation evaluation system. It demonstrates six large-scale systems:the two types of agricultural science and technology innovation regulation environment system, two types of agricultural technology innovation revolve system; two types of agricultural science and technology innovation output capacity system, two types of agricultural technology innovation resource-saving system, two types of agricultural technology innovation environmentally friendly system, etc. Two types of agricultural scientific and technological innovation evaluation system and evaluation method "paradigm" are constructed here. On the basis of clear evaluation to construct the relevant mathematical model it carries out comprehensive analyzes of two types of agricultural scientific and technological innovation, through the use of gray correlation method, network analysis method and three-dimensional dynamic model it combines the actual situation and finish the empirical analysis; via accurate analysis of the impact of various factors it analyzes and evaluates different regions of the two types of agricultural science and technology innovation, and thus formats judgment data of different regions of the two types of agricultural scientific and technological innovation so as to provide decision support to promote two types of agricultural scientific and technological innovation. Subsequently, in this study, according to the new situation and new tasks and new requirements, the researcher forecasts and judges the opportunities for development and a series of enormous challenges of the two types of agricultural science and technology innovation in the next20-40years. This paper also raises scientific position and trends to grasp to the evolution of deep-seated location of the two types of agricultural science and technology innovation.更多还原