【作者】 占金刚；

【导师】 曾福生；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 2004年实施以对种粮农民直接补贴为主要内容的粮食补贴政策以来,粮食产量实现了连续七年的增产,农民收入也实现连续七年较快增长。这些补贴政策措施的实施,极大地调动了广大农民的积极性,成为我国广大农村最受欢迎和最具影响力的惠农政策之一。然而,一方面我国粮食供求仍处于紧平衡状态,且随着我国工业化、城市化的快速发展,这种紧平衡状态将保持较长一段时间。而且我国人口众多,一部分粮食又用做饲料、生物能源等,因而我国的粮食安全问题不容忽视；另一方面尽管我国农民收入在不断增长,但是城乡收入的差距无论从绝对量还是从相对量来看,该差距扩大的趋势并没有改变。而且由于受粮食生产资料价格上涨、粮食自然风险和市场风险等诸多因素的影响,农民增收的压力越来越大。再者粮食补贴是一个长期问题,我国新的粮食补贴政策体系还只是初步建立,很多地方需要继续完善。本文正是在这样的背景下对我国粮食补贴政策进行研究,主要内容如下：一、从经济学角度对粮食补贴进行了理论解释。从粮食产业的基础地位、粮食产业的弱质性、粮食产业的正外部性、工业反哺农业论及战略性贸易理论等对粮食补贴的实施依据进行了论证。在此基础上,结合我国具体实际情况,从统筹城乡发展、保障国家粮食安全等角度分析了我国实行粮食补贴政策的现实逻辑。二、对建国以来粮食补贴政策的演变进行了梳理,了解了我国粮食补贴政策发展变化的脉络。重点分析了我国现行粮食补贴政策的体系框架,包括专项生产性补贴政策、综合性收入补贴政策和最低收购价政策。三、利用面板数据模型、农户生产行为决策模型及统计软件等工具,分别对专项生产性补贴政策、综合性收入补贴政策和最低收购价政策进行了绩效评价。评价结果为：一是生产性补贴政策中的良种补贴政策的实施显著增加粮食单产,改善粮食品质。农机购置补贴政策的实行显著增加农业机械总动力,提升农业综合机械化水平,降低农业从业人员比重。可以说基本实现了它们的政策目标；二是综合性收入补贴政策的实施能调动农民的种粮积极性,增加粮食种植面积,对农民增收有一定作用,但作用相当有限；三是最低收购价政策的执行有助于提高农民收入,稳定粮食产量,托住粮食市场价格,增强政府对粮食市场的调控能力,基本实现了该政策目标。四、分析了发达国家——美国、欧盟、日本及新兴工业化国家——韩国的粮食补贴政策,并以各国粮食补贴政策目标为依据具体分析了各国粮食补贴政策的演变脉络及相应的粮食补贴方式。在此基础上,总结和归纳了这些国家粮食补贴政策对我国的启示。五、分析了我国现行粮食补贴政策目标,认为我国现行粮食补贴政策目标需要调整为以实现农民增收为首要目标,粮食安全为次要目标。在此基础上,构建以实现农民增收为首要目标的粮食补贴政策体系,并就提高粮食补贴政策效率提出了下政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the implementation of the grain subsidies policy, of which the main content is direct subsidies to grain farmers, the grain yield has increased seven years in a row. The farmers’income also gains a rapid growth for seven consecutive years. The implementation of the subsidy policy and measures, greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers and become one of the most popular and most influential farmer benefiting policies in vast rural areas. On one hand, China’s grain supply and demand remain balanced. But with China’s rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, this balance will for longer period of time. And China has a large population, part of the food also used as feed and bio-energy. Thus China’s food security can not be ignored; On the other hand, despite the growing income of the farmers in China, the urban-rural income gap in terms of absolute volume and relative volume, the trend that gap got widened has not changed. Furthermore, the grain subsidies is a long-term problem. China’s new system of grain subsidies is only just established, there is still many places that need to continue to improve. This article is to do research on China’s grain subsidy policy just under the background. The main conclusions are as follows:First, from an economic point of view make the theoretical explanation of grain subsidies. Argue about the basis of the implementation of grain subsidies from the foundation of the grain industry, weak nature of grain industry, positive externalities of Food industry, Industry regurgitation-feeding and strategic trade theory, etc. On this basis, with the specific circumstances of our country, in aspect of urban and rural development and ensuring national food security, Analyze the logic of reality of the implementation of China’s grain subsidy policy.Second, Sort the evolution of grain subsidies since the founding of China, Understand the development and changes of China’s grain subsidy policy. Attach importance to analyzing the system framework of China’s current grain subsidies including specific production subsidies policies, comprehensive income subsidies policies and minimum purchase price subsidies policy.Third, use the panel data model, the farmer’s production behavior decision-making model and the statistical software and the other tools, make performance evaluation for the special production subsidies, comprehensive income subsidies and minimum purchase price, policies respectively. Evaluation results:the implementation of seed subsidy policy in the production subsidies significantly increased grain yields and improve the food quality. The implementation of agricultural purchase subsidies significantly increases the total power of agricultural machinery to enhance the level of agricultural mechanization and reduce the proportion of agricultural employees. It can be said that basically their policy objectives are achieved; Besides, the implementation of the comprehensive income subsidy policy mobilizes the enthusiasm of farmers to increase the grain growing area and play certain to role of the growth of farmers’income but the role id limited. Third, the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy will help improve farmers’income, stable food production, boosting the price of the grain market, strengthen the government’s ability to control the grain market, the basic realization of the policy objectives.Fourth, the analyze the developed countries-the U.S., EU, Japan and newlyindustrialized countries-South Korea’s grain subsidy policy. Take the policy objectives of grain subsidy as basis, understand the evolution of grain subsidy polices and the ways of various countries. On this basis, review and summarize the inspiration by the grain subsidies polices of these countries.Fifth, Analyze China’s current grain subsidy policy objectives, believe China’s grain subsidies policies need to be adjusted to take increasing farmers’income as the primary objective and food security is a secondary objective. On this basis, build up the policy system of grain subsidy that takes increasing farmers’income as the primary objective. And put forward the policy advise to improve the efficiency of grain subsidies policy.更多还原