【作者】 杨志和；

【导师】 祝智庭；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育技术学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 当前,数字化教育资源正在以前所未有的速度急剧增长,以中央电教馆的基础教育资源云、高等教育出版社的国家精品课程资源网、中国教育电视台的果实网、清华同方的知好乐教育云等为代表的教育资源云的不断涌现和发展,使得基于云服务的资源整合、云服务管理与数据中心建设成为当前教育信息化发展的热点问题。教育资源逐渐以云服务的形式运行在智能手机、Pad、电子书包等云端个人学习环境与设备当中。同时,教育资源云服务所呈现出的海量、动态、自主、协同、演化等特性是云环境下教育资源服务的应用生态所必须面对的问题。合理有效的云服务信息的描述、组织和管理,是云环境下一切数字化教育活动的基础。现有的教育资源描述模型扩展性不足,难以满足教育资源云服务的语义描述的需求,更难以实现云服务的自动管理和搜索,严重影响了云服务在系统之间的共享和互操作。本体(Ontology)作为语义Web的核心技术,是描述概念层次结构和语义模型的最佳方法,是解决知识交互、共享和重用的一个有效手段。标准化和形式化的领域本体为信息系统之间的互操作提供很好的解决方案。本研究把本体用在教育资源云的描述,以及资源云服务的描述、整合、管理和检索上面,既实现了教育资源云之间的交流和互操作,也为构建具体的教育资源云实例提供了工程化的借鉴与重用,同时也可利用本体的推理和匹配技术来发现最适合用户的教育资源云服务,从而实现根据语义进行资源云服务的发现与选择,满足云端用户随时随地“应需而变”的资源云服务需求。据此,本研究不仅具有现实意义,也具有一定的理论价值。本研究的主要工作体现在以下三个方面：(1)在基于领域特征分析的服务工程方法的指导下,构建了教育资源云的概念模型,实现了教育资源云的领域本体,接着提出了教育资源云服务的概念模型,以服务的方式描述了所有数据和应用服务,清晰地描述了教育资源云服务的用例,分析了教育资源云服务的流程,然后采用面向对象的本体创建方法开发了教育资源云服务应用本体,有效地解决了云服务描述的一致性问题,通过云服务类与对象的继承与多态,解决了云服务描述的可扩展性问题,实现了教育资源云服务的自治与共享。(2)为了实现本体的正确性,本研究采用了基于应用的本体评价方法,对本研究提出的教育资源云服务的概念模型进行了一定的技术实践与应用。利用基于本体的概念匹配技术和Racer本体推理机,在教育资源云的实例平台中实现了基于本体的教育资源云服务的智能检索,建立了资源云服务导航体系结构。(3)为了推动本体的实践与应用,本研究根据现有国内外标准组织和研究机构发布的云计算与Web服务相关标准,结合本团队的实际项目以及电子书包系统应用的核心问题,构建了《电子书包资源服务技术规范(草案)》,制定了云环境下电子书包资源服务的分类、描述、元数据和原子服务接口等规范,并参与设计与开发了两个基于此技术规范的实践范例,实施了规范草案的适用性评价,进一步推进了教育资源云服务的实践与应用。本研究在教育资源云服务描述、管理与整合方面的成果已经在华师京城教育云、华东师范大学电子书包资源服务云、上海云未科技的电子书包桌面云等环境中得到实际应用；本研究的《电子书包资源服务技术规范(草案)》已经被教育部CELTSC标准组织接纳,进入试用标准论证审批程序。本研究得到了如下科研课题(项目)的资助：2010年上海重点科技攻关专项“‘上海数字化教育装备工程技术研究中心’建设”(项目编号：10DZ2253000)；2011年上海重点科技攻关专项“跨平台智能数字化教育服务平台”(课题编号：11dz1504400)；全国教育信息技术研究“十二五”规划重点课题“电子书包的环境设计与教育应用创新研究”(课题编号：116220155);2011年度国家社科基金重点项目“电子课本出版与生态发展的研究”(课题编号：11AXW001)；国家青年基金课题“多媒体互动电子书包系统研制及教学成效研究”(课题编号：CCA100119)；国家发展改革委项目“国家信息化试点工程——基础教育公共服务平台试点示范工程(首席科学家单位)”(发改办高技[2009]735号)更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, digital educational resources are growing rapidly at an unprecedented rate. With the constantly emergence and development of educational resource cloud, such as the Basic Education Resource Cloud of the NCET, the Guoshi.com of CETV, the Education Cloud of Tsinghua Tong Fang, are all typical cases, Making that the resource integration based on cloud services, cloud services management and the construction of data center, is becoming a hot issue of the current education informationization development.Educational resources increasingly being used in form of cloud services in the personal learning environment and equipment at the cloud terminal, like the intelligent phone, Pad, e-Schoolbag. At the same time, the massive, dynamic, autonomous, collaborative, and evolving characteristics of educational resource cloud services, is the problem that the application ecology of the education resource services in the cloud environment must face to. The cloud services information being Reasonable and effective described, organized and managed, is the basis of all digital educational activities in the cloud environment. The scalability of the current description model for educational resource is not enough, it is difficult to meet the semantic description requirement of the cloud services for educational resources, more difficult to achieve the automatic management and search of the cloud services, seriously impact the sharing and interoperability of the cloud services between systems.Ontology as the core technology of Semantic Web, is a nice method to describe the hierarchical structure of concept and semantic model, and is the effective way to solve the interaction, sharing and reuse of knowledge. The standardized and formalized domain ontology provides a good solution for interoperability of information systems. In this study, the ontology is used for the description of educational resources cloud, and the description, integration, management and retrieval of cloud services of educational resources, both for achieving communication and interoperability between the cloud of educational resources, and providing an engineering reference and reuse for building for some specific educational resource cloud instance, but also for using the reasoning and matching techniques of ontology to find educational resource cloud services that most suitable for users’requirement, and them realize the discovery and selection of cloud services based on semantic, meet the users’"subject to change" cloud services requirement at anytime, anywhere. Accordingly, this study not only has practical significance, but also has some theoretical value.The main work of this study is demonstrated in the following three aspects:(1) Under the guidance of the service engineering approach based on field characteristics analysis, the dissertation defines the conception model of educational resource cloud,and constructs the domain ontology of educational resource cloud, then proposes the conception model of the educational resource cloud services, describing all data and application services as service, clearly describes the use cases of educational resource cloud services, analyzes the process of educational resource cloud services, and then constructs the application ontology of the educational resource cloud services with object-oriented ontology construction method, and effectively solves the consistency problem in describing the cloud services, through the inheritance and polymorphism of the cloud services classes and objects, solves the scalability problems in cloud service description, promotes the autonomy and sharing of cloud services.(2) In order to achieve the correctness of the ontology, this study applies the application-based ontology evaluation method, and carries out a certain amount of practice and application with the conception model of educational resource cloud services proposed in this study. Use the ontology-based concept matching technology and Racer ontology inference engine, and realizes the ontology-based intelligent retrieval of educational resource cloud services on the instance of educational cloud platform, constructs navigation architecture for resource cloud services.(3) In order to promote the practice and application of the ontology, combined with the core issue of the e-Schoolbag systems applications and the practical project of our team, based on the existing cloud computing and Web service standards published by domestic and international standards organizations and research institutions, the dissertation constructs the draft technical specifications of the resources service for e-Schoolbag, develops the technical specifications of e-Schoolbag resource service on the classification, description, metadata and meta service interface in the cloud environment, and carries out two practical instances based on this technology specification, at last conducts the overall evaluation of the draft specification, further promotes the practice and application of the educational resources cloud services.The results of the description, management and integration of educational resource cloud services In this study, has already applied in the practical environment of the HSJC education cloud, the ECNU e-Schoolbag resources service cloud, the Jiaoyuyun desktop cloud, and so on; the draft technical specifications of e-Schoolbag resource services has been accepted by the CELTSC standards organization of Ministry of Education, goes to the examination and approval procedures for the trial standard.This study is supported by the following research projects findings:Construction of Shanghai e-Education Equipment Engineering Research Center (ID:10DZ2253000), supported by "the Key Science and Technology Research Special Projects of Shanghai,2010".The cross-platform smart e-Education services platform (ID:11dz1504400), supported by "the Key Science and Technology Research Special Projects of Shanghai,2011".The environmental design and educational application innovation of the e-Schoolbag (ID:116220155), supported by "the Key projects of National Education IT Research of ’12th5’ Planning".Research on e-Textbook publishing and eco-development (ID:11AXW001), supported by "the National Social Science Foundation,2011".Research on interactive multimedia e-Schoolbag system development and the effectiveness of teaching (ID:CCA100119), supported by "National Youth Foundation";National informatization pilot project--the pilot demonstration project of basic education public service platform (high-tech[2009]735) supported by the National Development and Reform Commission.更多还原