【作者】 郝婷；

【导师】 李录堂；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 农业是立国之本，关系着人们的温饱问题，关系着国家的命脉，因此世界各国都非常重视农业的发展。我国经济改革从农村入手，30年来取得了巨大的成就。当前农业发展正处于由传统农业向现代农业的转变之中，农业生产技术日益更新，农民需要掌握现代农业生产技术才能适应农村经济进一步发展的需要。同时由于历史的原因，我国面临严重的“三农”问题，而农民问题则是“三农”问题的核心。从国际范围来看，发达国家在经历这种转变时期时，对农民培训工作相当重视。我国农民培训虽然起步较晚，但经过各级政府及相关部门多年的共同努力也取得了一定的成就，农民素质得到一定程度的提高，为新农村建设起到了积极的推动作用。但还存在一些比较突出的问题。总体来讲，我国农民培训缺乏一种长效机制，农民培训处于一种无序状态，在农民培训中出现资源分散、条块分割、各自为政、供需错位以及供需不足等诸多问题。为解决农民培训中出现的问题，培养适应社会需求的新型农民，必须构建一种农民培训长效机制来规范和约束农民培训，以利于农民培训有序进行，从而使其走上良性循环的发展道路，以利于实现国家农民培训的总体战略目标。该文从分析农民培训现状入手，探讨和总结农民培训工作存在的主要问题，探索能使农民积极自愿参加、培训机构积极认真举办农民培训活动的长效机制。这些研究有利于把握农民培训主体的行为和态度，便于分析农民培训长效机制的主要工作机制：动力机制、运行机制、保障机制、调节机制和评估机制以及在运行过程中各主要机制之间的相互关系和相互作用，有助于理解并掌握长效机制构建的必要性和重要性。本文根据教育经济学理论、人力资本理论、培训理论、公共产品理论、博弈理论等相关理论，综述了国内外农民培训研究动态，在充分界定农民及农民培训长效机制概念内涵的基础上，统计分析了目前我国农民培训现状及问题，研究了农民培训的动力机制、运行机制、保障机制、调节机制和评估机制，分析了农民培训需求及影响农民参加培训意愿的因素，提出了农民正规培训与非正规培训相结合的培训模式，构建了具有长远规划意义的农民培训长效机制。为了进一步说明研究的必要性，论文采用规范分析与实证分析相结合，定性分析与定量分析相结合的分析方法。其中使用规范分析方法进行文献综述和理论基础解析，采取问卷调查与访谈的方法收集研究数据并定量分析了农民培训现状，运用logit模型和spss17.0软件分析了农民培训的需求及影响培训意愿的因素，运用柯氏的培训效果评估模型评价分析了农民培训的效果，对农民培训中存在的体制、机制问题以及长效机制中各主要机制进行了定性分析。该文通过研究分析认为：（1）农民培训存在受训农民基数大、底子薄；内容多任务重；理论研究不够；培训思想重视不够；缺乏健全的体系；培训供需脱节；缺乏长效机制；农民主动接受培训的内在需求动力不足等特点。（2）博弈分析了农民培训中各行为主体对培训的态度，出现三个纯策略纳什均衡及一个多策略选择，即各局中对象以1/2的概率选择策略，并分别分析了三方行为主体存在的问题。依据该分析结果，构建农民培训动力机制，以规约并促成三方行为主体的合作行为达成一致和稳定，有利于农民培训各方主体具有充足的参与培训的原动力。（3）构建以目标导引机制、过程控制机制、科学纠偏机制和优化协同机制为主要内容的农民培训运行机制，加强培训需求分析，培训计划的制定和实施，培训效果评价，有利于实现培训目标。（4）构建农民培训思想保障、制度保障、组织保障、物质保障、环境保障和资金保障等六大保障机制，推动农民培训工作创新发展。（5）分析培训主体三方的职责，构建以信息反馈机制、激励约束机制与联席会议机制为主要内容的农民培训调节机制，以对培训过程中出现的偏差进行修正和调整，注重培训过程的监督和管理，有利于推进培训健康有序进行。（6）培训评估是对培训的全程评价，评估系统由评估的内容、评估的流程及评估体系三部分构成。通过评估获得的反馈信息，有助于决策者正确决策，完善培训计划，提高培训效率。论文的可能创新之处是：（1）以专家大院为基础的农民培训模式及培训效果评估体系可操作性强，在研究方法上具有创新性；（2）构建的农民培训长效机制具有应用推广参考价值；（3）采用正规培训和非正规培训相结合是当前最有效的农民培训模式，尤其是网络培训与以手机为载体的远程培训相结合适合当前农村实际，具有可行性和可操作性，效果好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture is the foundation of national economy, which concerns the problem of foodand clothing of people，and decides the lifeline of a country, so every country in the worldattaches great importance to the development of agriculture. China’s economic reform startswith the countryside and has made great achievements over the past30years. At present, theagricultural development is in the transition stage from traditional agriculture to modernagriculture. Agricultural production technology increasingly updates, and the farmers need tograsp modern agricultural production technology to adapt to the needs of the furtherdevelopment of the rural economy. Meanwhile due to historical reasons China faces seriousproblems of“agriculture，countryside and farmers” and the problem of farmers is the core.Considering from the international scope, the developed countries all attached greatimportance to the training of the farmers when they experienced the transition period.Although the training of the farmers starts in China later, some achievements also were madethrough the joint efforts of governments at all levels and the relevant departments. Farmer’squality was improved at certain degree. That has played a positive role in promoting the newrural development. But there still exist some obvious problems. Generally speaking, thetraining of farmers in China is lack of long-term mechanism，appeared some problems such asresources scattered, regional segmentation, each does things in his own way, and thedislocation of supply and demand and lack of supply and demand. In order to solve theproblems in farmer training and educate the new farmers who adapt to the social needs, wemust build a long-term mechanism for farmers training to regulate and constraint farmerstraining to make the trained farmers go into the virtuous circle of development road, to realizethe overall strategic objectives of the national farmers training. The paper starting from theanalysis current situation of farmers training, discusses and summarize the main problemsexisting in the farmers training work in our country. Then explores the long-term mechanismof farmers training which can make farmers actively participate and the training institutionsconscientiously development. These studies are helping for grasping the behavior andattitudes of the main training body, which are easy to analysis the main working mechanism of the long-term mechanism. They are motivation mechanism, operation mechanism,guarantee mechanism, adjusting mechanism and assessing mechanism. Analysis therelationships and interactions between them are helping to understand and grasp the necessityand importance to build the long-term mechanism.Based on the education economics theory, human capital theory, training theory, publicproducts theory and game theory, this paper summarizes the research trends on the training offarmers both domestic and abroad. On the basis of fully defining the relevant concepts,statistically analyzes the current status and main problems, study the motivation mechanismof farmer training, operation mechanism, guarantee mechanism, adjusting mechanism andassessing mechanism, analysis the training needs and the main factors that affect the will offarmers behavior to participate training, proposed a new model which combine the formaltraining with the non-formal training, building a significance of long-term planning farmerstraining mechanism. In order to further illustrate the necessity of the research, the paper usesthe methods of the combination of qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, standardanalysis and empirical analysis etc. And analyzes the literature review with the method ofnormative analysis, collects the basic data with the method of questionnaire investigation andinformal discussion, analyzes the status of the farmer training with the method of empiricalanalysis, analyzes the needs and factors which affect the farmers’ will of taking part intraining behavior with the model of logit and spss17.0, analyzes the training effects with themodel of Kirkpatrick. While analyzes the problems both institutional and mechanism, andevery primary mechanism of the long-term mechanism with the qualitative analysis.The main points of this paper are：（1）there are many characteristics of the farmertraining, such as much more people who have a lower level of productivity to participatetraining, more content and arduous tasks, the lack of the theoretical research, don’t pay muchattention on training, the lack of complete system, the dislocation of supply and demand,without long-term mechanism, farmers don’t have enough dynamic to participate in trainingetc.（2）Analyzes the behavior of each actor and their problems with game theory whichfinally get three pure decision-making Nash equilibriums and a Multi-strategy selection, thatis each decision-making will be selected with50%probability. Based on the analysis results,constructing motivation mechanism, code and contributed three party of the main body of thebehavior to a cooperative consistency and stability, which is beneficial to all parties to haveplenty of dynamic to participate in training.（3）The main content of the farmer trainingoperation mechanism includes target guidance mechanism, process control mechanism, thescientific mechanism rectifying deviations and optimize cooperative mechanism, strengthenthe training needs analysis, formulate and implement training plan, evaluate the effect of training, which is helpful to realize the training purpose.（4）Constructing guaranteemechanism that include ideology, system, organization, physical, environment and fundingsafeguard, promoting farmer training innovatively developing.(5)Analysis of three partiestraining duty, build adjustment mechanism, that includes information feedback mechanism,incentive and restraint mechanisms and joint conference mechanism, to amend and adjust thedeviation appeared in the process of training. Pay much attention to training processmanagement and supervision which is helpful for promoting the training healthy and orderlydeveloped.(6)Training evaluation is the fully appraise during the training process，the systemis consists of three parts， they are the content,the processes and the system. The feedbackinformation that gained from evaluation is not only good for decision makers to make rightdecision and perfect training plans, but also is in favor of improving the efficiency of thetraining.The possible innovation points of this article include:（1）The famers training modelsupported by agricultural experts group and evaluation system of training result is easy touse,so it is innovative in research method.（2）Long-term mechanism for famers’ training hasthe reference of application and extension（.3）Combination of formal and informal training onthe internet and long distance training with cell phone as carries meets the rural areas’practical situation,it has feasibility,practical use and good result.更多还原