【作者】 苏燕平；

【导师】 张波；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业与农村社会发展， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 农民工是我国二元社会结构中城乡权益不对等的产物。党和国家一直关注、关心农民工群体，在近年来连续出台各项法律政策维护农民工权益，并使之总体有所改善。但在新的时代背景下，农民工的权益诉求及其权益保护呈现出新的特征和问题,有必要对农民工权益保护继续展开研究。本文的逻辑架构如下：首先参照马斯洛需求层次理论，构建农民工权益层次，然后以此为分析线索，考察我国农民工权益保护存在问题及影响因素，并从实践层面提出保护农民工权益的对策。全文以农民工就业生存权益、安全保障权益、政治尊严权益和发展与自我实现权益作为阐述的起点，分析政府、企业等主体保护农民工四大权益的现状及存在问题，探讨影响主体保护农民工权益的因素，最后阐述了保护农民工权益的思路。由于农民工权益保护关系涉及诸多领域，所以本文对各章的阐述主要围绕农民工权益保护展开，突显权益层次和保护主体两大着力点。全文共有五章内容。第一章为导论，主要阐明了选题缘起、研究目的和意义、国内外研究动态综述、研究思路与方法、论文的可能创新点与不足。第二章是全文的理论基础，是全文论述的逻辑起点，主要对农民、工人与市民、农民工和权益等概念进行拓展认识；随后梳理了权利和正义理论、需求理论、政府职能理论和道家哲学思想，为下文分析提供理论支撑；又在马斯洛需求层次理论的基础上，构建就业生存权益、安全保障权益等农民工权益四层次，并提出政府、企业、公民社会和自身作为保护主体，以这两者作为第三章分析线索和其他各章的内在引线。第三章分析了农民工的就业生存权益、安全保障权益、政治尊严权益和发展与自我实现权益的现状及各主体的保护行为中存在的问题。论文认为，农民工的四大权益保护总体有所改善，但在工资、职业安全、发展等方面存在维权难点。第四章从法律、政府、市场、公民社会（NGO、媒体和市民）、农民工自身等五个方面分析了影响农民工权益未能得到有效保护的因素。本文指出，在影响诸因素中，法律是制度因素，政府为组织因素，市场属经济因素，NGO、媒体和市民为社会因素，农民工自身属于内在因素。第五章论述了在现阶段保护农民工权益的思路和原则，并从法律、政府、企业、公民社会和农民工自身等主体出发提出保护农民工权益保护的对策。保护农民工权益首先应完善相关法律，为之奠定制度基础，重在修订本源性的《宪法》等法律，完善《劳动法》、《工会法》和《就业促进法》等；其次应强化政府保护农民工权益的职能。文章认为政府应发挥经济职能保障农民工就业，加强政策宣传保护农民工的社会保障权，强化企业监管职能并允许农民工权利自我救济，注重服务职能维护农民工发展权和家庭平安权，创新制度保护农民工政治权益；再次企业应本着“以人为本”的理念主动赋权农民工，并以人性化的科学管理为农民工创造发展平台；公民社会中的NGO应发挥农民工自组织化维权的作用。媒体通过报道公共新闻，引导公共讨论，促进社会形成关心农民工权益保护的氛围；农民工自身作为维权的内因，应树立现代人观念，从强化社会资本、主动学习法律知识和学习技能等方面为保护权益创造良好条件。论文的结语部分指出：农民工权益保护的全面彻底实现，意味着因城乡二元权益结构而产生的农民工这一特殊群体的终结。他们无论在城市还是农村，都将尊严和体面地工作、学习和生活，享有真正平等的公民权益。本文的创新之处主要体现在：（1）借鉴马斯洛等人的需求层次理论，从就业与生存、社会保障与安全、政治权益与尊严、发展与自我实现等四个方面构建了农民工权益诉求层次，体现出农民工的权益诉求伴随时代进步具有渐进性、范围不断扩大的特点，并以此作为农民工权益保护的现状和存在问题的分析线索；（2）运用道家“顺其自然、无为而治”的哲学思想，研究农民工权益保护问题。研究农民工的文献大多采用西方的社会学理论、政治学理论作为研究工具，笔者认为中国传统哲学同样具有阐释和指导农民工权益保护的能量，本文以道家思想作为分析工具有一定创新性；（3）从整体和全局的角度把公民社会作为农民工权益保护的路径来进行研究的文献还不多见，而本文在前人相关研究的基础上，以公民社会作为影响农民工权益保护的因素和保护主体之一，并提出保护路径，具有一定创新意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Migrant rural workers’ are the product of the rights and interests non-equivalences in the dualistic structure of urban and rural areas.The Country And The Party always pay attention to them, and more new legal policy protecting the rights and interest of migrant rural workers’ made it better. And it is necessary to study the protection of rights and interest of migrant rural workers’ for there are new features and problems in the claim and protecting of rights and interest of them in the new era.The logic structure of this paper are as follows:first, migrant rural workers’rights and interests hierarchy was constructed on the basis of the Maslow’s hierarchy of Need Theory, and took it as analytical clue to study the problems and factors influencing the protection of rights and interests of migrant rural workers’. And it will practically state the methods of protecting migrant rural workers’rights. The paper starts as rights and interests of employment, survival security, political dignity and development and self realization of the migrant rural workers’,Analyses actuality and problem of government,company etc.protecting four rights and interests of migrant and rural workers’,explores the factors of subject of protection influencing their behavior.And then discusses the method on protection of rights and interests of migrant and rural workers’.the protection of rights and interests of migrant and rural workers’covers more fields, so this paper elaboration of chapters centers around protecting of rights and interests of migrant and rural workers’, and illuminates two points of rights and interests hierarchy and protection subject.This thesis consisted of five chapters.The first chapter is introduction, mainly expounding the background, the research goal and the significance, dynamic review of domestic and foreign research, research ideas and methods and the innovations and disadvantages of the thesis. The second chapter is the theoretical foundation, extending the concepts, such as farmer, workers and city residents, migrant rural workers’and the rights and interests.It is logical starting point of full paper on discussing protection of migrant rural workers’rights and interests.Then it codifies the theory of rights, justice theory,demand theory,the theory of government function and Taoism philosophy,and provides the theoretical support for the next analysis.On the basis of the Maslow’s hierarchy of Need Theory,the thesis constructs the four levels of migrant rural workers’rights, And put forward government,company, Civil Society and migrant rural workers themselves as the protection subject,and takes them as the analysis frame of third chapters and the inner leads of other chapters. The third chapter analyzes status quo on the migrant rural workers’ employment and survival rights and interests, safeguarding rights, political rights and self-development rights, and the problems in protection from such subject. The paper thinks that it is improved that overall protection of the four rights and interests of migrant rural workers, but there are difficulties of protection rights in these respects of salary, occupational Safety and development,etc.The fourth chapter analyzes five aspects impacting migrant rural workers’ rights and interests which have not been protected effectively from the law, government, market, NGO media and city residents and migrant rural workers themselves.The paper points out that,in all elements affecting protection of migrant rural workers’rights and interests, law is regarded as the institutional factors, the government as the organizational factors, market as the economic factors, NGO, media and public as social factors, migrant rural workers’ themselves as internal factors. The fifth discusses the ways to protect the rights and interests of migrant rural workers from the main body of legal system, government and social force. The fifth discusses the gradual train of thought and principle to protect the rights and interests of migrant rural workers at the present stage, and profound the ways of protection from the main body of legal system, government, corporation, social force and migrant rural workers themselves.First,improvement of rules should builds the basis for protection of rights and interests of migrant rural workers’with revising original constitution and the census law on the establishment of legal system protecting migrant rural workers’rights and interests, perfecting labour law,trade union law and Employment Promotion law,etc. Second, the function of government protecting rights and interests of migrant rural workers should be strengthened.the chapter thinks that government should protect migrant rural workers’ employment with giving play to the government economic function, protect rights of social security of them with enhancing policy spread, strengthen the function to administer business and permit right relieved by migrant rural workers’ themselves to protect their labour rights, pay attention to the service function to protect their rights of development and family safe, reform system protecting their political rights.Third,enterprise should give rights to migrant rural workers’ forwardly with the idea of people oriented, and build base for migrant rural workers’ through human-based management. And civil society should protect migrant rural workers’. NGO should promote migrant rural workers’ organization themselves to protect their rights, media can take shape atmosphere of protection of rights and interests of migrant rural workers’ by reporting public news and leading public talk. Migrant rural workers’ themselves as the inner factor of protection should have the modern idea and create the foundation of protection by strengthening social capital, study law forwardly, acquiring technology.The conclusion of this thesis points out that it will mean migrant rural workers’is to be the end as a special group produced by the perplexing historical problem if protection of migrant rural workers’rights and interests is fully realized. They will have the dignity and decent in their work, study and life, enjoy a truly equal civil rights both in city and in country.The innovation of this thesis is:(1) It builds the hierarchies of migrant rural workers’ demands for rights and interests from the four aspects of employment and survival, social security and safety, political rights and dignity, development and Realization of self, that is fromMaslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs. And it demonstrates that the demands of rights and interests of migrant rural workers’is a gradual process and continue to expand with the age of progress. At the same time it is a framework to analyse the status and problem of protection of migrant rural workers’rights and interests.(2) This paper study protection of rights and interests of migrant rural workers’with Taoism philosophic thinking of accordance with its natural tendency and govern by doing nothing that goes against nature.Most literature studying rights and interests of migrant rural workers’ take western sociology and political science theory as all research tool.The author think Chinese traditional philosophy have equal power to explain and guide protection of rights and interests of migrant rural workers’, so this paper is innovative taking taoism idea as explanation tool.(3) This paper takes the civil society as one path of solution to migrant rural workers’rights and interests problem, its subject include corporate, media, the public,NGO and the migrant rural workers’ themselves.It is few that the civil society is as the protection path of migrant rural workers’ rights and interests with the whole opinions, which is innovation based on the previous researches.更多还原