【作者】 解群；

【导师】 房剑森；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 高等教育学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 我国东西部高校对口支援是西部大开发中高等教育均衡发展的重大战略举措,是高等教育政策研究的重要组成部分。教育部于2001年6月启动“对口支援西部地区高等学校计划”。高校对口支援的政策目标,是推动东西部共享教育经验、知识、信息和物质资源,提高西部高等教育的质量和效益,共同促进西部区域经济社会发展。政策实施10余年来,取得了较为丰硕的成果,西部教育信息化建设实现跨越式发展,西部高校办学实力和水平上了一个新台阶,受援高校师资队伍有了很大发展,学科建设取得长足进步,科研水平和科研经费大幅提高,服务地方经济社会发展的意识和能力有所增强。但是,东西部高校之间的巨大差距依然存在。2010年7月,《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》发布并明确提出,要继续实施东部高校对口支援西部高校计划,中国高校对口支援任重而道远。我国高校对口支援政策以“政治任务”的形式发布并启东,由政府主导指定“结对”对象,没有建立稳定持续的资金保障,支援高校需要积极筹集资金,实施对受援高校的支援和全方位合作。高校对口支援体现出明显的政策主导的特征,政策质量的好坏和政策体系的良性运行,对高校对口支援的有效开展有着重要的影响。政策分析是一种专门的政策研究方法,自上世纪80年代引入中国,它以理性分析、科学决策为核心,形成了比较规范的研究范式,在我国许多重要决策领域有广泛的应用,对提高决策的质量、规范政策的执行和增进政策的效果起到重要作用。在我国高校对口支援政策过程中,运用政策分析的方法,不仅有助于提高决策的能力和水平,提升政策质量,也有助于整个政策过程的民主化和科学化建设。阶段模型是分析我国高校对口支援政策采用的主导模型,论文采用政策分析的方法,从政策制定、政策执行、政策评估、政策监控等方面对我国高校对口支援政策进行深入分析。运用渐进主义分析理论模型来分析高校对口支援政策制定过程；通过对政策制定者的访谈以及政策文本研究,探析政策制定的实际情形与理性决策流程的“吻合”程度,有助于理解和把握我国高校对口支援政策的制定过程、内涵和本质。政策只有经过执行才能体现政策效果。我国高校对口支援政策实施10余年,多方面特色发展,总体成效良好,但局部遭遇“执行难”困境,政策执行偏差行为也有发生,分析其原因并采取针对性的措施将有利于偏差的纠正。政策监控与政策评估是我国高校对口支援政策制定和执行的有效保障。高校对口支援政策需要监控是因为该政策本身的特性和政策过程的不确定性,通过监控,可以适时调节政策过程中出现的新情况、新问题。高校对口支援政策至今没有开展系统的政策评估,政策评估是政治性和技术性的结合,展望未来,应注重制订科学的评估标准,本着客观、公正的原则,正确处理评估中出现的问题。高等教育区域发展不平衡是一个带有普遍性的世界现象。美国、欧洲的俄罗斯和法国、亚洲的日本和韩国等国家在加强本国欠发达地区高校发展方面进行了积极的探索。政府主导、统筹规划、区域互动、人才开发是各国的共性特征,并在经费保障、立法支撑、国家行动和市场机制等方面为我们提供了有益的经验。了解和借鉴国际经验,有利于健全和完善我国高校对口支援政策,对加快推动我国西部高校以及西部地区的快速发展具有重大的意义。政策分析的强大生命力在于它来自于实践,反过来又为实践服务。在对我国高校对口支援政策进行分析和国际比较的基础上,本文对我国高校对口支援政策的未来发展提出四点建议。一是加强调研,保障高校对口支援政策制定的民主化、科学化和法治化。决策科学化是目的,决策民主化和法治化是手段,三者应成为相互作用的有机整体,推进高校对口支援政策制定体系的有效运行。二是力求共赢,提高高校对口支援政策执行的有效性。在思想上和政策执行组织、执行制度、执行能力、执行环境等方面全面改善,努力实现共赢合作模式,促进高校对口支援政策有效性与可持续发展。三是借助社会,建立健全高校对口支援政策评估体系。针对现状,尽快加强高校对口支援政策评估工作,在评估意识、评估主体、评估标准、评估过程等方面全面建设,以获得社会的广泛认同。四是国外借鉴,丰富完善我国高校对口支援政策体系。要着重在加强立法、统筹规划、适应市场等方面学习国外经验,进一步完善高校对口支援政策体系,以保证我国西部地区高等教育实力不断增强。更多还原

【Abstract】 The counterpart assistance is an important strategy in the The Grand Western Development Program, aimed at balancing the development of higher education in the eastern and western regions of China. It is an essential component of the policy researches of higher education. The Ministry of Education started the program of counterpart assistance to universities in western regions in June2001. The policy objectives of east-west university counterpart assistance program are to promote the sharing of educational experience, knowledge, information and material resources between eastern western universities. Through the coordination of resources it is intended to improve the quality and efficiency of the western higher education, as well as to promote economic and social development. In the first ten years the policy has been successful in achieve plentiful results for example1) a leapfrog development in the field of Information Technology2) an increase in the quality of education in the western region3) improvements in university facilities4) improved construction standards5) raised standards of scientific research through increases in research funding and6) a substantial increase in awareness and capacity of services to local economic and social development. However, a huge gap still exists between the eastern and western universities. In July2010, the National Education Plan (2010-2020) was released and made it clear to the continued implementation of the eastern universities supporting their western universities counterparts, which was still a long way to go.The policy of counterpart assistance of chinese universities was released and started in the form of a "political task", which was led by the government that designated "twinning" universities, without a stable sustained funding for that, therefore the eastern universities needed to actively raise funds for implementation of aid and a full range of cooperation to the recipient colleges and universities. Thus universities counterpart support reflected significant policy-led characteristics, which resulted in that policy quality and benign operation of policy system has important influence on the effectively carrying out of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities. Policy analysis was introduced in China in the1980s as a specific method of policy research, which was based on rational analysis and scientific decision-making as its core, and formed a more normative research paradigm. At present it is widely used in many of China’s important decision-making areas, play an important role to improve the quality of decision-making, to standardize the implementation of policies, as well as to enhance the effects of policies practice. In practice of the policy of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities, the use of policy analysis not only helps to improve decision-making ability and level of decision-makers and to improve policy quality, but also contribute to more scientific and democratic construction of policy process.Stage model is the dominant model to research the policy of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities. This paper uses policy analysis method to make an in-depth research on the policy of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities, from varied aspects as policy formulation, policy implementation, policy evaluation and policy monitoring. This paper analyzes universities counterpart support policy-making process by applying asymptotic analysis, through interviews with policy makers and policy textual study, to find out the level of consistency between actual situation of policy making and rational decision-making process, which helps to understand and grasp the formulation process, connotation and essence of the policy of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities. Only after the implementation of policies is it possible to reflect the effect of those. It has been more than10years for the implementation of the policy of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities, the overall effectiveness of that is good with its multiple characteristic development, however, there was a "difficult execution" predicament in some local areas, some deviation behavior during policy implementation also occurred. It will be beneficial for the correction of that by analysis of the reasons and take corresponding measures to offset. It is policy monitoring and policy evaluation that supports policy formulation and implementation of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities. Universities counterpart assistance policies need to be monitored, because of the uncertainty of policies features and policy processes, It is by process monitoring that timely adjustment of policies facing new situation and new problems become possible. The policy of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities has not carried out systematic policy assessment, policy evaluation is a combination of political and technical factors, looking to the future, and attention should be paid to formulate the scientific evaluation standards and to handle assessment problems correctly based on objectivity and impartiality principles.The regionally-uneven development of higher education is a common phenomenon in the whole world. The United States, Russia and France, as well as South Korea and Japan in Asia have been exploring actively in enhancing the development of higher education in their less developed regions. Government leading, overall planning, regional interacting and human resources exploitation are the common characteristics of all countries that are willing to solve the problem of imbalanced educational development and the countries mentioned above provide us with lots of experience in the aspect of financial insurance, laws, national actions and marketing mechanisms. Knowing and learning such experience helps to improve the Policy of Counterpart Assistance of Chinese Universities and benefits the development of the western universities as well as the western region.The liveliness of policy analysis lies in its coming from practice, and it in turn serving practice. This paper, based on policy analysis of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities and on applying the method of international comparison, gives a deeper exploration of further developing the policy of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities, and puts forward the corresponding suggestions as follows, the first is to strengthen investigation and research, in order to guarantee the policy-making mechanism on counterpart assistance of Chinese universities with its democratization, scientific application, and legalization. Policy-making by democratization and by legalization is the means, with scientific policy-making as their goal; those three should interact as an organic whole, which promotes effective operation of the policy-making system of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities. The second is to strive to achieve a win-win situation, improve the effectiveness of implementation of those policies, in terms of ideology and policy implementation organizations, the implementation system, ability to execute, as well as the execution environment comprehensive improvement, in order to achieve win-win cooperation model, promote effectiveness and sustainable development of those policies. The third is to establish and improve the evaluation system of those policies with the community. For the status quo, it is important to strengthen the evaluation system of those policies as soon as possible, in terms of evaluation awareness, evaluation subject, evaluation criteria and evaluation process, in order to be widely recognized by the society. The fourth is overseas references in order to perfect and improve those policies. It is important to focus on learning from those overseas experiences in order to strengthen the legislation, to co-ordinate planning, as well as to adapt to the market, in order to further improve the policy system of counterpart assistance of Chinese universities, to ensure that higher education in the western region of China obtains increasing growth.更多还原