【作者】 张建荣；

【导师】 余玉花；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 由社会风险累积而引发的公共危机具有严重的社会危害性,对我国现代化建设与社会和谐发展形成了巨大的挑战,需要全社会采取有效措施共同应对。长期以来,人们往往将公共危机治理的责任全部推向政府,认为公共危机治理完全是政府的责任。然而,这种政府包揽一切的公共危机治理模式却未能收获良好的效果。反思政府以往公共危机治理模式的困局,提出如下的问题：公共危机治理中公民是否有责任?公民的责任是什么?公民责任与政府责任之间有何关系?公民如何来承担公共危机治理的责任?以及如何实现政府与公民对于公共危机的“复合共治”?等。这些问题十分现实而紧迫地摆在我们面前,需要研究和破解。因此,研究公共危机挑战下的公民责任问题,无论对于我国公共危机的防范和化解,还是培养现代社会的“责任公民”,都具有理论和实践的意义。本文从公共危机的现代特征及其中国语境的现实出发,以马克思主义立场、观点和方法为指导,通过对中西方关于公民及责任概念的本质与特征的梳理,来揭示公共危机挑战下中国公民责任的实质,从理论上对公民责任成立的逻辑前提进行深层次的分析,论证公民在防范和化解公共危机的过程中责任承担的理论和实践价值。依据我国政府对于公共危机的四种分类,重点考察了防范自然灾害型、社会安全型、公共卫生型以及事故灾难型公共危机中公民责任的主要内容。针对当前我国公民责任教育所存在的现实困境,提出了公共危机挑战下公民责任教育的实践路径,从而既为提升我国公民的责任意识和责任能力提供了现实依据,又为成功化解公共危机的挑战提供了理论支撑,有效地回应了当代中国经济社会发展对于公民责任提出的重大而现实的问题。全文共由七个部分组成,主要研究内容如下：导论部分,以当代中国经济社会发展所面临的“黄金机遇期”与“矛盾凸显期”相叠加的现实为逻辑起点,阐述了本文的研究缘起。通过对中西方学者关于公共危机、公民责任等相关研究成果的梳理和总结,明确了目前研究当中存在的一些主要问题以及有待于进一步发展和完善之处。对本研究的理论和现实意义、研究思路以及所采用的研究方法等进行了概述。针对本文可能的创新以及不足之处提出了作者的一些浅见。第一章,主要探讨公共危机的现代特征及其中国语境。论文对现代公共危机的概念、特征及其产生机理和诱发因素等进行了理论阐释。针对当前我国公共危机的主要特征,剖析了我国公共危机产生的主要原因,提出：虽然当前我国面临着诱发各种公共危机的潜在因素,但其并不会导致我国各种类型的公共危机的全面爆发,进而造成经济社会的大规模动荡。因此,当前我国公共危机治理的重点,应当是防范和化解各种矛盾因素,避免公共危机产生的严重危害。第二章,主要阐述公共危机挑战下中国公民责任的理论基础。论文在对公民与责任等相关概念的内涵、特征及其理论渊源进行梳理的基础上,探讨了公民概念在中国的形成与发展进程,责任与义务概念之间的异同之处,并进而对公民责任的本质、特征及其得以成立的逻辑前提予以了分析和阐述。第三章,主要对公共危机挑战下的公民责任问题进行反思和分析,探寻公民责任承担对于有效化解公共危机的理论和现实意义。论文对当前我国“全能主义政府”公共危机治理过程中公民责任缺失的问题进行了深层分析,认为：公民责任承担不仅是有效化解公共危机的应然诉求,而且也是实现公民自身权利和价值,以及整个社会和谐有序发展的必然要求。第四章,主要对公共危机中公民责任的内容进行了概括。论文结合我国政府公共危机的四种分类,重点考察了防范自然灾害型、社会安全型、公共卫生型以及事故灾难型公共危机中公民责任的主要内容,从和谐共存、遵守法治、健康生活和勤俭敬业的角度提出了我国公民防范公共危机的主要责任。第五章,对公共危机挑战下提升我国公民责任意识与责任能力的教育路径进行了理论和实践的探索。论文在分析目前公民责任教育所存在的困境的基础上,阐述了公共危机挑战下公民责任教育的基本原则和具体内容,提出：应当从学校、家庭和社会的全方位,通过制度环境、社会舆论等各个层面构建起一个具有中国特色的公民责任教育体系,从而为防范和化解公共危机的挑战,实现我国公民责任教育的目标,提供一条行之有效的实践路径。结语部分,对公共危机挑战下中国公民责任及其教育问题作了概括性的总结。本文认为,只有使公民个体在公共危机治理的结构中也同时拥有权利、能力和责任,并在利益与价值取得共识的前提下,同政府之间形成一种权责对等、平等协商、责任共担的合作伙伴关系,我们才能从根本上抵御公共危机对于整个人类社会行为与价值体系所带来的严重危害。更多还原

【Abstract】 Public Crisis as a kind of adverse situation triggered by the accumulated social risk, its developments uncertainty and the height of the serious social harmfulness, for the current our country’s economic and social harmonious orderly development formed a huge challenge, the whole society to take immediate steps to effectively deal with. Long-term since, the government governed all public crisis management mode failed to gain good effect, one important point that citizens for their own lack of correct understanding of responsibility consciousness and accountability in public crisis management process. The responsibility has not been effective ascension, which causes the government responsibility overload and the lack of civic responsibility situation. So, faced with the challenge of public crisis, must strengthen the responsibility of the dimension of the citizens through civic education to raise awareness of civic responsibility, and actively guide citizens voluntary participation in public crisis management to the process, then for effectively solve the public crisis brought serious harm, realize the government and the citizens for public crisis " common governance ", and develop the modern society’s "responsibilities citizen".This paper, from the public crisis of modern characteristics and the reality of Chinese context, based on the marxist stand, viewpoint and method for guidance, through on the citizen of Chinese and western concept and responsibility of the essence and characteristics of comb, reveals the Chinese citizen’s essence of responsibility under the public crisis challenge, and further from the principle of civic responsibility was to the logical premise deep analysis, working to find ways to prevent and dissolve the citizens to preventing and resolving public crisis responsibility in the process of theoretical and practical value. According to our government for public crisis of four kinds of classification, emphasizes the guard against natural disasters type, social safety, public health and accident type type public crisis disaster the main content of the civic responsibility. In view of the current our country’s civil responsibility of education existence dilemma, puts forward the public crisis under the challenge of civic responsibility education practice path, so as to enhance our country’s civil responsibility consciousness and ability of responsibility provide the reliable basis, and to resolve the challenges of the public crisis success to provide the support in theory, effectively to respond to the economic and social development of contemporary China for civil liability suggest significant and realistic problem.Full text is composed of the seven parts, the main research contents are as follows:An introduction to the contemporary Chinese economic and social development faced by the "golden opportunity period" and "the time of obvious contradiction" in the reality of superposition as a logical starting point, this paper expounds the origin of this paper. Through to the Chinese and western scholars about public crisis, citizen responsibility and related research achievements of the comb and summarized, clear the current research in some main problems of development and needs to be further and further perfection. This study of the theoretical and practical significance, thoughts and the research methods are summarized. In this paper the innovation and possible shortcomings, the author puts forward some humble opinions.The first chapter, mainly discusses the public crisis of modern characteristics and Chinese context. Papers analyzed on the concept of modern public crisis, the characteristic and the producing mechanism and contributing factors of interpretation theory. In view of the current main characteristics of Chinese public crisis, analyzed the main causes of the public crisis, put forward:although the current our country faces bring out various public crisis of potential factors, but it will not lead to our country all types of public crisis outbreak of comprehensive, causing the economic social mass unrest. Therefore, the current our country public crisis management shall focus on the guard against and dissolve the various contradictions factors, avoid public crisis produce the serious harm.The second chapter, mainly expounds the Chinese citizen’s theoretical foundation of the responsibility under the challenge of public crisis. The thesis in related to the citizen and responsibility connotation of the concept of theory origin, characteristics and the author studied on the basis of the concept of Chinese citizens in the formation and development process, the responsibility and obligation of similarities between the concepts, and then to the essence of civic responsibility, the characteristic and the logical premise was established to be analyzed and described.The third chapter, mainly reflect and analysis the problems of civic responsibility under the challenge of the public crisis, and to effectively solve the civic responsibility theoretical and realistic significance in public crisis. Papers on the current our country "totalism government " public crisis management process of the lack of civic responsibility the deep analysis, thought the responsibility is not only citizens effectively solve the public crisis ought to appeal, but also realize citizen oneself rights and values, and the entire social harmonious development.The fourth chapter, mainly summarized the civic responsibility content in the public crisis process. Based on our government public crisis of four kinds of classification, emphasizes the guard against natural disasters type, social safety, public health and accident type type public crisis disaster the main content of the civic responsibility.The fifth Chapter, from to against and dissolve the public crisis angle, explorationed the civic education way to improve our country’s civil responsibility consciousness and the ability. Based on analyzing the present education of the dilemma of the existence of civic responsibility is described on the basis of the public crisis under the challenge of civic responsibility education, the basic principles and specific content, put forward:should from the school, family and society of all-round, through the system environment, social public opinion and so on each level set up a with Chinese characteristics of civic responsibility education system, so as to guard against and dissolve the public crisis of challenges and realize our country’s civil responsibility education target, provide an effective practice path.Epilogue part summarized the Chinese citizen’s responsibility and its education problem under the challenge of the public crisis. This paper argues that, on the one hand, and the public crisis management needs citizen’s voluntary to become the main body of the crisis management, actively participate in public crisis management process. The way the government responsibility, and can’t eliminate and dissolve the public crisis for the whole society brings the serious harm. And on the other hand, citizen’s responsibility in public crisis management is a limit. The limits are based on citizenship behavior of the size of the ability and their participation in public crisis management of the rights of the basic guarantee for under the premise, then, it will be possible to make the choice of action. Therefore, only make individual citizens in public crisis management structure also has the power, ability and responsibility, and interest in and value consensus, under the premise of with government formed between the responsibilities equivalence, a kind of equal consultation, we will take the responsibility of the partnership, we just can fundamentally against public crisis for the whole human social behavior and value system brings the serious harm.更多还原