【作者】 翁琴雅；

【导师】 陈玉琨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 幸福是人生的终极目标,幸福也是教育的终极目标。时代发展到今天,在全面建设社会主义和谐社会和教育改革走向深入并积极推行素质教育的背景下,幸福和教育幸福的问题日益引起人们的重视。伴随着西方积极心理学的兴起和教育研究领域人文关怀的彰显,教育幸福、教师幸福、学生幸福等话题也已进入了研究者的视野。一个好校长就是一所好学校,中学校长作为学校的教育者、管理者和领导者,其幸福感状况对一所学校教师和学生的幸福将产生重要的影响。因此,研究我国中学校长的职业幸福感,即“校长当得幸福不幸福,怎样当更幸福”和以往人们研究中学校长“当得好不好,怎样当会更好”相比具有新的意义和价值。首先,论述幸福、幸福感、职业幸福感等核心概念是研究中学校长职业幸福感的逻辑前提。为此,本文在导论中阐明了选题缘起,对已有文献进行综述,并对核心概念做出界定,对研究思路、研究内容和研究方法进行了叙述,接着深入探讨了中学校长职业幸福感的内涵、支持理论和类型、性质,由此构建了中学校长职业幸福感的分析框架。本文认为中学校长职业幸福感是指在学校内、外部因素的作用和影响下,中学校长在校长职位上因需要的满足和期望的达成而产生的愉悦的心理体验。它主要来自于中学校长对职业本身的满意、取得一定的职业成就和自身内心的满足感三个方面。以需要理论和期望理论为理论支持,从概念的内涵出发,本文认为中学校长职业幸福感具有内涵发展性,来源多样性和动态平衡性的特征。对研究中学校长职业幸福感与当前我国中学校长职业幸福感的现状来说,选择一项合适的中学校长职业幸福感测量工具是必需。从上世纪六、七十年代开始,心理学家和社会学家们就已开始开发幸福感的测量工具,并形成了一系列的经典量表,这些量表虽然从理论而言都可以应用于测量中学校长职业幸福感状况,但是考虑到我国中学校长这一群体和岗位的特殊性,运用一般幸福感量表来测量,其适用性有待进一步验证。所以,有必要先编制一份能真实、全面反映中学校长特点的《中学校长职业幸福感量表》。对此,本文通过文献研究、前期访谈、开放问卷等方式编制了中学校长职业幸福感量表,经过两轮的测验,对量表进行心理计量学指标的检验,结合专家评议,对初步编制的量表做了多次修订,最终形成了一份有较高信、效度的《中学校长职业幸福感量表》。量表由三个分量表——职业满意感分量表、职业成就感分量表和内心满足感分量表,共64道题目组成。使用李克特五点量表计分,各题分数相加,总分越高,认为中学校长职业幸福感水平越高。运用自编的《中学校长职业幸福感量表》,开展了问卷调查。调查研究发现,当前我国中学校长职业幸福感总体水平较高,并呈现性别、年龄、任职年限、学生规模、城乡、东西部、学校教育阶段和生源质量等不同中学校长个体特征的差异。笔者针对问卷调查结论,再一次进行校长访谈,对调查结论进行再研究,对当前我国中学校长职业幸福感的总体状况和个体差异背后的原因作了分析。在通过问卷调查得到总体情况和个体差异以及通过深度访谈了解了其中具体原因的基础上,本文对当前我国中学校长职业幸福感的来源和影响因素作了进一步分析。本文认为我国中学校长职业幸福感主要来源于对教育事业的热爱,对从事校长这份职业收益的满意,取得职业成就,得到他人认同,以及获得内心的满足感。影响中学校长职业幸福感的因素可以归纳为社会因素、职业因素、教育主管部门的因素和其他一些无法抗拒的因素。如何提高当前我国中学校长职业幸福感水平?根据调查的问题发现和原因分析,本文从教育主管部门、校长自身和社会与舆论三个方面提出对策建议。教育主管部门应该本着“幸福人”的人性假设,改革校长评价制度,建立发展性校长评价制度和激励机制,给予校长更多的办学自主权；中学校长自身应该本着一切为了学生的成长和发展的教育追求,着力提升自己的专业精神和专业能力,做一个更加称职成功的校长,在具体工作中学会自我松绑,面对问题时秉持一份良好的心态；社会应该给校长更多的支持和合理的期待,并形成一个良好的社会舆论导向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Well-being is the ultimate goal of life. It is also the ultimate goal of education. Today, against the background of building socialism harmonious society, thorough educational reform, and the implementation of Quality Education, people become pay more and more attention to well-being and well-being of Education. Following the rising of western Positive Psychology and the increasing of Humane Care in the area of educational research, the topics of well-being of education, well-being of teachers, and well-being of students have already come into the vision of researchers. There is a saying:A good principal is a good school, as an educator, manager and leader, the well-being of principal will plays importance to the Well-being of teachers and students. So conducting the research about the situation of Occupational Well-being of a principal, that is:Is the principal happy? How to be happier? Compare it with the research about:Is the principal competent and how to be more competent? The former has new significance and value.In order to study the Occupational Well-being of secondary school principals, discussing the core concepts, such as Well-being, Sense of Well-being, Sense of Occupational Well-being, is the logical premise of study. So in the first chapter-Introduction, the author explains the origin of this topic and literature review, defines the core concepts, and presents the thinking, content and methods of the study. Then the author discusses the meaning, the support theory, the nature and the type of Occupational Well-being of Secondary School Principal in detail. Thus the analysis model of Occupational Well-being of Secondary School Principals is built. According to this dissertation, the definition of the Occupational Well-being of Secondary School Principal is:under the influence of the inside factors and outside factors of the school, on the post of principal, because of the satisfaction with needs and the accomplishment of expects, the secondary school principals gain pleasure psychological experience. It mainly derives from the satisfaction with the job, the occupational achievement and the heart contentment.In order to make clear the situation of Occupational Well-being of Chinese Secondary Principals, making use of a suitable scale as the measure tool is very important. From20C60S, Psychologists and Sociologists had already started developing the scale of Well-being, and had accomplished a lot of classical Questionnaire and Scales. As long as the theory concerned, these classical scales can be used to measure the level of Well-being of the Secondary School Principals, but take the particularity of Secondary School Principal into account, the applicability of the classical scales need to be validated. So it is necessary to develop a Scale of Occupational Well-being of Secondary Principals (SOWSP) which mirrors the feature of secondary school principals authentically and totally. Through literature review, interviewing and open questionnaire, this dissertation developed SOWSP. After two times of tests, the index of Psychometric was examined, combining with the expert review, the SOWSP was revised for many times, and the SOWSP with high reliability and validity was produced at last. SOWSP is composed by three subscales:subscale of Occupational Satisfaction, subscale of Occupational Achievement and subscale of Heart Contentment. SOWSP uses Likert5points scale, sum the score of every item and then get a total score, the higher the score, the higher the level of Occupational Well-being.This dissertation uses SOWSP developed by the author herself to conduct investigation. According to the investigation, today, the level of Occupational Well-being of Chinese Secondary School Principals is high, and there are differences among gender, age, tenure, size of school, urban or rural, area, school stage of education and students’quality. In order to go deep into the overall situation and individual differences, the author interviews secondary school principals again going with the statistical data and then explains the investigation results in detail.On the basis of survey which gets the surface of overall situation and the interview which acquires the points of the reasons behind, this dissertation analyzes the sources and influencing factors of the Occupational Well-being of Secondary School Principals. The sources of Occupational Well-being of Secondary School Principal are:they love the career of education, they are satisfied with the income of this job, gain occupational achievement, and they are recognized by other people and accomplish heart contentment. The factors influence the Occupational Well-being of Secondary School Principals can be summarized as factors of society, occupational characteristic, department of Education and some other comprehensive factors.How to promote the level of Occupational Well-being of Secondary School Principals? According to the investigation and reason-analysis, this dissertation raises suggestions for secondary school principals promote the level of occupational well-being from three aspects: department of Education, secondary school principal itself and society. The educational department should hold the’happy people’hypothesis of human nature, reform the evaluation system of principal, build the developmental evaluation system and encouragement mechanism of secondary school principals. Principals themselves should build the students’-based pursuit and promote their spirit and ability of profession, to be a competent principal, to be good at self-relaxing, and go with good mood attitude when facing the challenges. The society should give principals more support and rational expectancy, and form a good guidance of public opinion.更多还原