山西文水方言的趋向动词及其语法化研究

【作者】 王一涛；

【导师】 邢向东；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文以山西省文水县全域的趋向动词为讨论对象。文水县地处山西中部,离省会城市太原约80公里。1987年版的《中国语言地图集》将文水方言归入晋语并州片。1993年版的《山西方言调查研究报告》将文水方言归入山西中区方言太原片。本文首先从描写语言学的角度,重点描写文水方言趋向动词表位移的用法：1.趋向动词可以进入的句法格式。2.趋向动词带宾语时,宾语类型和位置。3.趋向动词做补语时,前动词的类型。4.动趋式带宾语时,宾语类型、宾语位置的考察。5.趋向补语的可能式和反复问形式。这一部分的研究力求对文水方言趋向动词的基本用法做一个详尽、仔细的描写。在描写的过程中,同时关注普通话、周边方言的用法,及时进行共时层面的比较。然后,本文主要选取“来”、“上”、“下”、“起”、“过来”等发生了语法化的5个趋向动词进行考察。连动结构后项的“来”虚化成了先事时标记和表示邀请对方共同做事的语气词；动趋式中的“来”进一步虚化为形成某种结果的原因意义的过去时态助词；“上”虚化成了实现体标记和方式性类词缀成分；“下”虚化为完成体标记和方式性类词缀；“起”虚化成了起始体标记；“过来”虚化为表示“……的时候”的时间成分。通过这一部分内容的研究,力求在解释趋向动词所表现出的不同语义的基础上,探究其演变的轨迹,构拟其具体演变过程。在研究的过程中,既关注这些趋向动词在发展演变过程中所体现出来的共性,又关注这些趋向动词语法化的不同类型。其中的共性体现在以下几个方面：即在发展过程中基本遵循从谓语到补语,从趋向义补语到结果义、状态义的演变路径,语义上基本是由表示具体空间位移向抽象位移演变,再进一步向时体意义虚化,还会进一步变成动词或者形容词的附着成分。影响其演变的主要机制是泛化、隐喻、重新分析、类推等。我们期待,本文的研究可以为山西晋语乃至整个晋语和晋语史的研究提供更加丰富、翔实的材料；可以将描写语法学与语法化理论有机地结合起来,使得注重历史文献的语法化理论与活的语言结合起来,推动语法化理论在汉语研究中的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article discussed the use of the tendency verb of Wenshui County in Shanxi province. Wenshui county is located in the central of Shanxi.This is about80kilometers from the capital city of Taiyuan to Wenshui County. Wenshui dialect has been belonged to bingzhou area in the "China Language Atlas" published in1987. It has been belonged to taiyuan area of the central in Shanxi in the the "investigation report of "Shanxi dialect"" published in1993.Firstly, with the theory and methodology of descriptive linguistics, on the basis of the dialect survey, this paper describes and studies the directional verbs (both the simple and the compound) used to express motion in Wenshui dialect as follows:1, The syntactic structures in which the directional verbs can be used;2, The types and location of the objects co-occurring with the directional verbs;3, The types of the verbs before the directional complements;4, The types and location of the objects co-occurring with the verb-direction construction;5, The forms of the directional complements expressing potentiality and the "v-not-v" constructions. Great efforts are made to describe the usages of the directional verbs in Wenshui dialect in full detail, and synchronic descriptions are made in comparison with Mandarin and the dialects around Wenshui.Thirdly, In the "v+v" structures, the grammaticalization of the second word"lai"(来),"shang"(上),"xia"(下),"qi"(起), and "guo lai"(过来) are studied."Lai" is grammaticalized as the prehodiernal marker, the quasi marker of perfective aspect and the modal particle."Shang" is grammaticalized as the realizational aspect marker and the quasi affix expressing ways, and "xia" is grammaticalized as the perfective aspect marker and the quasi affix expressing ways."Qi" is grammaticalized as the markers of ingressive aspect and perfective aspect."Guo lai" is grammaticalized as the temporal particle.Based on the explanations to the different semantics of the directional verbs in the same syntactic structure, the evolution courses of these words are explored. The universal evolution courses of the directional verbs are as follows:predicate→complement; directional complement→resultative complement→stative complement. And their semantic development is from concrete special motion to abstract motion. Meanwhile attention is given to the types of their grammaticalization.We look forward to, Shanxi Wenshui dialect and the study of grammaticalization of tendency verbs for Shanxi and even the whole of Jin dialect, Jin history studies provide more rich, full and accurate materials; the traditional grammar and the grammaticalization theory organic ground union rises, make only pays attention to the history of grammaticalization and living language combination, promote the grammaticalization theory to study Chinese.更多还原