古代诗人接受《史记》论稿

【作者】 蔡丹；

【导师】 赵望秦；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 自二十世纪八十年代以读者为中心的接受美学和接受理论研究方法传入中国,即被广泛应用于中国古代文学研究,众多学者以自觉的接受意识对古代经典作品、优秀作家进行接受史研究,成果丰富。有着两千多年研究史的“史记学”,也同样借鉴了西方接受美学的新理论来更新传统观念,多角度多层面的研究各个时期《史记》的传播与接受,但有关古代诗人对《史记》的接受这一层面,研究者甚少,对古代诗人接受《史记》的创造性成果史记诗与《史记》之间错综微妙关系的研究力度不够。史记诗是指古代诗人以《史记》人、事为主要吟咏对象,表达对《史记》人、事或褒或贬的认识和评价的诗作,从各个角度展示诗人对《史记》的创作主旨、思想倾向、写作手法以及对司马迁对历史人事的评判标准等方面的接受,有直接阅读《史记》所作之诗,有既受司马迁影响,也受到前代诗人影响融合而成的作品,展示诗人历史看法的同时,也道出诗人的自我心声,兼具历史性和现实性。在接受美学视域的观照下,传承《史记》内核而来的史记诗,可视为《史记》不可或缺的组成部分,并且,史记诗的创作也进一步推动了《史记》的传播与接受,对《史记》研究的纵深发展产生了不可估量的影响。由此可见,古代诗人取材于《史记》创作而成的咏史诗和《史记》一书之间关系匪浅,是值得重视的课题,具有极高的研究价值。有鉴于此,本课题以特殊的读者群,即古代诗人创作群体为接受主体,以《史记》为接受客体,以史记诗创作为研究对象,梳理各个时期《史记》传播概况,深入考察古代诗人接受《史记》在不同时期呈现出的不同特点、规律及其成因,以及接受成果史记诗所折射出的习气风尚、审美情趣,从而探讨《史记》与咏史诗二者之间微妙且复杂的关系。本文的主体部分是由绪论和上、下篇组成：绪论第一节简单论述了论文的选题缘由与意义,交代了本课题两个重要概念——接受美学和史记诗,着重界定史记诗命名的由来、范畴、内涵与外延,又略论《史记》与咏史诗二者之间的互动关系、本课题的研究目的与价值等。第二节概括史记诗的研究现状与发展趋势。先是分别简单介绍《史记》、咏史诗以及接受史研究的大致情况,再较为详细的罗列出《史记》接受史的研究状况和古代诗人对《史记》的接受研究现状。第三节主要是交代研究背景、分析本文研究缘起、明确研究旨趣。上篇为整体研究。是以时代为序,以《史记》传播概况为背景,以诗人为接受主体,用不同的角度、不同的方法研究史记诗在各个不同时期所呈现的不同特点及其成因,共有四章组成。第一章略述了两汉时期,即史记诗创作的萌芽期概况,重点分析了“第一读者”班固及其《咏史》；魏晋南北朝时期,即史记诗创作的初步发展期概况,重点论述了陶渊明等人诗作；隋朝,即史记诗创作过渡期概况。第二、三、四章主要研究对象是史记诗创作的成熟繁荣期(唐五代)、变革创新期(两宋)、持续稳定期(元明时期)和集大成期(清代)的概况。这部分主要是在梳理两汉、魏、晋、南北朝包括隋朝《史记》传播、评价与研究概况的基础上,分析两汉魏晋南北朝时期的史记诗创作概况,探究形成这种状况的社会、个体原因,以便更进一步研究《史记》和咏史诗的文化内涵和审美意蕴。下篇为个案研究。与上编相互配合、相互补充,纵横交叉,将史记诗放在历史大背景下剖析,深入探究《史记》与咏史诗的关系。是篇共六章,分别以秦始皇、汉高祖、四皓、孙武、荆轲、韩信等形象为研究对象,或从不同吟咏主题入手,或从不同评价切入,或以诗歌中再塑各种新形象为类,在接受美学的观照视野下,分析古代诗人接受《史记》中相关形象在各个时期发展变化的特点规律及其成因。下篇是从接受客体,即《史记》具体的人物、事件为研究对象进行个案研究,以垂直接受为视角,分析不同时期的诗人对同一吟咏对象所表现出来的不同看法,找出个中规律,并探究其中缘由。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accepted esthetics from the1980s take the reader as the center and accepts the fundamental research method to spread to China, namely is widely applied in China the ancient literature research, the numerous scholars accepted consciousness by the determination to the ancient times classical work, the outstanding writer to carry on accept the history research, the achievement are rich. Has more than2000year research histories "Historical Records to study", also profited from the West to accept esthetics the new theory renewed the traditional ideas, multiple perspectives multi-stratification plane research each time "Historical Records" the dissemination similarly with to accept, but related ancient times poet to "Historical Records" accepted this, on the one hand, the researcher were really few, accepted "Historical Records" to the ancient times poet the creative achievement Historical Records poem and "Historical Records" between intriguing relational research dynamics is insufficient. The Historical Records poem was refers to ancient times the poet take "Historical Records" the human, the matter as mainly recites the object, expresses understanding which and appraisal poetic composition to "Historical Records" the human, the matter either praised or censures, from each angle demonstrated poet to "Historical Records" the creation primary intention, the thought tendency, the writing technique as well as to Sima Qian to historical human affairs’ aspect and so on judgment standard acceptances, had the direct reading "Historical Records" make the poem, had already receives Sima Qian to affect, also before receiving, a generation of poet to affect the work which the fusion became, demonstrated the poet to historical view at the same time, also said the poet self-aspiration, had both the historicity and the feasibility. In accepts esthetics sight under the contemplation, the Historical Records poem is inherits "Historical Records" comes, may regard as "Historical Records" the indispensable constituent, moreover, the Historical Records poem’s creation further impelled "Historical Records" the dissemination with accepts, also the depth development which studies to "Historical Records" has had the inestimable influence. Thus it can be seen, ancient times the poet selected material in "Historical Records" creates chants the epic poem and "Historical Records" between both relates significantly, is topic which was worth taking seriously, had the extremely high research value. Taking this into consideration, this article take the special reader group, namely the ancient times poet created the community as to accept the main body, as accepted the object take "Historical Records", take the Historical Records poem creation as the object of study, combed each time "Historical Records" disseminates the survey, inspected ancient times the poet to accept "Historical Records" thoroughly the different characteristic which, the rule and the origin presented in the different time, as well as accepted the time prevailing custom which, the esthetic appeal the achievement Historical Records poem refracted, discussed "Historical Records" with chants between epic poem the two subtle and the complex relations.This article main body part is and top and bottom arranges by the introduction is composed:Introduction first elaborated the paper selected topic reason and the significance simply, had confessed this article two important concepts--accept esthetics and the Historical Records poem, limits the Historical Records poem naming emphatically the origin, the category, the connotation and the extension, also slightly discusses "Historical Records" with chants between the epic poem the two’s interactive relations, this topic research goal and the value and so on. The second section summarizes the Historical Records poem the research present situation and the trend of development. Is the first distinction introduced simply "Historical Records", chants the epic poem as well as accepts the history research the approximate situation, then more detailed enumerates "Historical Records" accepts the history research condition and the ancient times poet to "Historical Records" accepts the research present situation. The third section is mainly confessed that the research background, analysis this article study the origin, to be clear about the research idea.On arranges for the whole research. Is take the time as the foreword, disseminates the survey take "Historical Records" as the background, as accepts the main body take the poet, with the different angle, the different method studies the Historical Records poem the different characteristic which and the origin presents in each different time, altogether has four chapter of compositions. The first chapter has told in brief two Chinese times, namely the Historical Records poem creation’s seed time survey, the selective analysis "the first reader" Ban Gu and "Chanted History"; The Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties time, namely the Historical Records poem creation’s preliminary period of expansion survey, elaborated the Tao Yuanming et al. poetic compositions with emphasis; Sui Dynasty, namely Historical Records poem creation transition-period survey. The second, third, fourth chapter of main object of study is the Historical Records poem creation mature prosperous time (the Tang Five Dynasties), the transformation innovation time (two Song), continues the stabilization period (a Yuan bright time) and epitomizes the time (the Qing Dynasty) the survey. This part is mainly in combs two Chinese, Wei, the Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties "Historical Records" disseminates, the appraisal and in the research survey foundation including the Sui Dynasty, analyzes two Chinese Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties time the Historical Records poem creation survey, inquired into that forms this kind of condition the society, individual reason, so that the further can study "Historical Records" and chants the epic poem the cultural connotation and the esthetic implication.Next arranges for the case study. Arranges with on coordinates, to supplement mutually that vertically and horizontally overlapping, the Historical Records poem will place under the historical big background to analyze, inquired into thoroughly "Historical Records" with chants the epic poem the relations. Arranges the altogether six chapters, respectively take Chin Shihhuang, Hangaozu, four white, Sun Wu, Jingke, the Han Xin image as the object of study, either from recites the subject to obtain differently, either the different appraisal cuts into, either models each kind of new image again take the poetry in as the kind, in accepts esthetics under the contemplation field of vision, the analysis ancient times the poet accepted "Historical Records" the related image in each time development change characteristic rule and the origin. Next arranges is from accepts the object, namely "Historical Records" the concrete character, the event conduct the case study for the object of study, take vertical accepts as the angle of view, the analysis different time poet to identical recites the different view which the object displays, discovers a rule, and inquired into reason.更多还原