【作者】 朱映占；

【导师】 王文光；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 中国少数民族史， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 清末民国以来,随着帝制的终结,中国从传统的王朝体系逐渐向近代民族国家体系转变。对于中国西南地区(包括云南、贵州、四川、西康)而言,也就意味着出现了结束在“一点四方”、“华夷五方”格局中仅扮演边缘角色的契机。然而,中国在近代的民族国家建构却不是一帆风顺的。一方面,由于西方列强的殖民活动继续存在并力图加强,这就使得在西南多民族地区进行民族国家建构,面临着外部势力的干预或影响；另一方面,中国国内缺乏能够有效统领全国各地的政府,也使得多民族的西南地区在与国家的整合过程中显得困难重重。可以说,民国时期,西南地区多民族、多种社会形态、多元文化的事实依然存在。此种状况是政府和知识分子力图改变的,他们希望通过国族和国族文化的建构来取代地方性和多样性的族群形态和文化。为此,政府出台了一系列政策,并采取了一些举措；知识分子也发表了大量研究成果,并制提出了许多解决办法。然而,总体来看,民国时期,西南民族的社会文化状况却鲜有大的改变,这就表明,主流社会对西南民族地区的治理目标并没有达到。实际上,这与民国时期的国人对西南民族的认知依然有限有着密切的联系。不仅普通人,即使是知识分子和官员,也只是在抗战爆发后,对西南民族才有一些实地的调查和直接的接触,并且主流话语中对西南民族的多样性和复杂性要么认识不够,要么有意忽视。因此,要解决西南民族与国家的整合问题,首先还得从认识和承认西南民族及其文化开始。当然,通过历史文献的梳理和实地的调查,民国时期的政府、学者虽然对西南民族种类、分布等尚未取得统一或一致的认识,但是总体而言,他们的认知比以往更加深入而具体了。因此,本文在参考当代的研究成果的同时,还对当时国人对西南民族的分类及认知进行归纳和总结,从而对民族国家建构进程中的西南民族的具体情况进行呈现。也就是说对民国时期在西南地区从事民族国家建构的主体进行描述,此为研究民国西南民族问题的前提和基础。在对西南民族具体情况进行描述和呈现的基础上,论文对民族间的关系形态和影响民族关系的因素进行分析,进而探讨国族建构在西南地区的实践、西南民族的身份建构与认同、西南民族与国家的整合等问题。此外,在反思民国政府的民族理论与民族政策,追寻当代西南民族问题的一些来龙去脉方面,论文也作了一些尝试性探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the Late Qing and Republic of China period, with the end of the monarchy, China has undergone a gradually shift from the traditional dynastic system to the modern nation-state system. For the southwest region of China (including Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Sikang), it means that the opportunity appeared to end only playing a marginal role in the pattern of the "one center, four edge" or "Pattern of Chinese-Barbarain". However, China’s nation-state building is not easy. On one hand, the colonial activities of the Western powers continue to exist and seeks to strengthen, which makes the nation-state building of multi-ethnic region in the southwest, facing the interference or influence of external forces; the other hand, China has no government can command all over the country, which makes the multi-ethnic in southwest encountered many difficulties in the integration process with the State.It can be said that the southwest region still shows a multi-ethnic, a variety of social forms and multi-cultural situations in Republic of China period. The government and intellectuals sought to change the situation, they hope to replace local consciousness and diversity culture of the Southwest ethnic groups through the building of national culture. To this end, the government introduced a series of policies and a number of initiatives; intellectuals published a large number of research results and put forward a number of solutions. Overall, however, during the Republic of China period, social and cultural conditions of the Southwest ethnic groups almost did not change much, which show that mainstream society did not achieve the goal of governance of the Southwest region.In fact, people at that time is not enough awareness on the Southwest led to the situation. Not only ordinary people, even intellectuals and officials, just after the outbreak of the anti-Japanese war, began to contact with the Southwest directly, and they carried out a number of field surveys in the Southwest. Unfortunately, in the mainstream discourse, ethnic diversity and complexity of the Southwest is either not taken seriously, or willful neglect. Therefore, to solve the integration problems of the Southwest and the state, first of all have to start from the understanding and recognition of the Southwest and its culture.Of course, the combing of historical documents and field investigations, the Government of the Republic of China and scholars have not yet obtained a uniform or consistent understanding to species and classification of ethnic groups in the Southwest, but, on doubt, They’ve got a deeper and more specific understanding of ethnic groups in the Southwest than ever before. Therefore, referenced to contemporary research results, paper also summarized the classification and cognitive of the Southwest ethnic group which made by the people at that time, in order to show the specific circumstances of the process of the nation-state building in the Southwest. In other words, Describe the specific circumstances of the ethnic groups in Southwest of the Republic of China, is the prerequisite and basis for the study.Based on the description and presentation of the specific circumstances of the Southwest ethnic groups, the paper is to analyze the pattern of inter-ethnic relationship and the factors that affect ethnic relations, and then explore the practice of nation-state building in the southwest region, the construction of identity of the Southwest, the intergration between the Southwest ethnic group and the State.In addition, the reflection of the Government of the Republic of China’s National Theory and Policy and in search of the ins and outs of some contemporary problem of the ethnic groups in the Southwest are also an important part of the paper.更多还原