民族自治地方政府公共服务能力研究

【作者】 吕中军；

【导师】 鄂义太；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族地区公共行政管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济的不断发展,民族自治地方的经济、社会和文化等领域均取得了显著的成绩,主要表现在经济发展势头良好,人民生活水平不断提高,基本公共服务水平得到迅速提升,这显然是由于民族自治地方各级政府管理和服务能力的迅速提高,但民族自治地方政府在公共服务能力方面的问题也是显而易见的。从过程来看,民族自治地方政府在回应公共服务需求、公共服务规划、资源汲取、资源投入、资源优化与整合以及内部的管理能力上都有比较明显的差距。再从公共服务的产出来看,虽然在纵向比较上,民族自治地方的发展相比于其过去的水平确实有了明显的提升,但从横向比较来看,民族自治地方和东部发达地区存在着很大的差距,民族自治地方政府在就业、医疗、住房和社会保障等基本公共服务方面存在着明显的短板,这就迫切需要我们对民族自治地方政府公共服务能力进行研究,尤其对影响民族自治地方政府公共服务产出的自变量要素进行研究,能够得到当前影响民族自治地方政府公共服务能力的回应、规划、汲取、投入、优化等自变量要素和因变量要素之间的结构关系,进而得到有利于改进我国民族自治地方政府公共服务能力的建议,从而研究其提升的具体路径和方法,为民族自治地方政府公共服务能力的提升找到普遍可循的规律,并提供可借鉴的思路、方法。但是从目前国内的研究现状来看,有不少学者和专家从不同的视角,对民族自治地方政府公共服务能力进行了研究；但从现有的文献资料来看,这些研究还存在很多空白之处。学术界当前对民族自治地方政府公共服务能力的研究还主要局限在定性研究,主要是学者通过感性的认知对能力结构、能力水平、能力改进建议进行描述性研究,这种研究方法由于自变量和因变量之间的确切关系会因为每个地区的特殊性变量所带来的影响而使得研究的普遍性规律受到影响。此外,现有研究在提出问题方面也不甚精确,尤其是将民族自治地方公共服务存在的问题和民族自治地方公共服务能力存在的问题混淆探讨,民族自治地方公共服务能力是指作为政府这一层级的主观能力的提升对公共服务产出的正向影响,相对应的其能力存在的问题是指能力结构内部各要素,各要素之间、要素和整体之间存在的问题,而公共服务存在的问题其内涵和外延都要宽泛,两者不能混为一谈,否则会影响对公共服务能力的精确分析。在分析层面,存在着定性分析多,定量分析少；宏观分析多,能力微观研究少的特点,如果问题提炼不准、分析方法也比较宽泛、那么其最终提出的建议也是比较乏力的。本文力图通过模型建构等定量分析方法,试图找到民族自治地方政府公共服务投入要素和产出要素之间的函数关系,结合相关公共服务理论,探讨民族自治地方政府公共服务能力结构、能力现有水平,试图根据实证分析的结果提出改进我国民族自治地方政府公共服务能力的系统路径和当前改革的政策建议。具体说来首先对建国以来民族地方政府公共服务发展的历程进行了系统梳理,希望借助这种历史追溯和回顾的方法,对民族自治地方政府公共服务发展的历史脉络进行钩忆和整理,找出民族自治地方政府公共服务在特定发展的阶段的时代特征,初步分析其影响的变量；其次本文构建了民族自治地方政府公共服务能力结构模型,希望借助模型分析的方法,找出决定公共服务能力的影响变量,构建自变量与因变量之间的分析模型,为最终改进民族自治地方政府公共服务能力提供客观支撑；最后本文在民族自治地方政府能力结构模型的基础上对民族自治地方政府公共服务能力进行客观评估,找出其目标的现实差距,为进一步改进民族自治地方政府公共服务能力提供实践支撑。本文借助SPSS等数据统计方法,比较系统的利用模型分析、线性回归和聚类分析等统计方法对民族自治地方政府公共服务能力结构和公共服务能力现状进行了量化分析,初步弥补了该领域相关研究只有定性分析而无定量分析的不足,为相关研究的进一步深化进行了初步的拓展。总之民族自治地方政府公共服务能力是决定民族自治地方政府公共服务的关键性变量,对该问题的研究有助于我们从根本上改进民族自治地方政府公共服务能力,最终有利于民族自治地方政府更好的提供公共服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the constant development of social economy, remarkable accomplishments have been achieved in the fields of economy, society and culture and so on in ethnic minority autonomous regions, which are manifested via the following aspects:good momentum in economic development, unceasing improvement in people’s living standards, and prompt enhancement in the level of basic public service. Evidently, this is due to the rapid improvement of the abilities in administration and service of local governments at all levels. However, there also exist noticeable problems in their ability to serve the public. Governments’abilities to respond to public service demand, public service planning, resource absorb, resource investment, resource optimization and integration and internal management vary greatly from each other. Looked at from the output of public service, although longitudinally compared to the past, there sure is distinct promotion of autonomous regions’development, transversely comparison suggests that they lag far behind the east developed regions. They have obvious weaknesses in such basic public service aspects as employment, medical treatment, housing and social security. Therefore, a research into the capability of public service of ethnic minority autonomous regions is imperative, especially those independent variables which influence public service capability. The research into the independent variables can bring the structural relation between the independent variables and dependent variables of respond, planning, absorption, and optimization. From this structural relation, suggestions can be extracted to enhance the capability of ethnic minority autonomous regions to serve the public. Furthermore, the research studies specific paths and methods for the enhancement so as to find the general regular pattern and referable thoughts and methods.The current situation is that many scholars and experts have researched the capability of public service of ethnic minority autonomous regions from different angles. However, the documents and material available show that there are still blind spots. Researches of the academic circle are confined to qualitative research. The scholars make descriptive research into the capability structure, capability level, suggestions to enhance the capability through perceptual cognizance. This research method can affect the regular pattern because some particular variables in every region will bring effects that will influence the exact relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Besides, the questions raised in researches available are not precise. Problems of public service and capability of it in ethnic minority autonomous regions are mixed up. Capability of public service refers to the positive effects for public service output resulted from the improvement of subjective ability of the government level. The corresponding problems of this capability are the elements, problems between the elements, and problems between each element and the integral, whereas the connotations and extensions of the problems of public service have wider meaning. Thus problems of public service cannot be confused with those of capability of public service. Otherwise, the accuracy of the analysis of public service capability will be affected. As to the analyzing aspect, there are more qualitative than quantitative analysis; more macro-analysis than micro-analysis. Without accurate questions, coupled with broad analyzing method, the suggestions proposed will be weak. This dissertation attempts to figure out the functional relationship between the input and output of public service of ethnic minority autonomous regions through qualitative analyzing methods such as model construction. Moreover, combining related theories of public service with this model, this dissertation also discusses the capability structure, capability level and attempts to propose suggestions for systematic path and current reform policy of ethnic minority autonomous regions according to the empirical analysis. To be specific, first, this dissertation looked through the course of public service development of ethnic minority autonomous regions since the foundation of our country in order to recall and sort the historical thread of thought, and find the periodical features of particular development phase by way of history retrace and retrospection; second, this dissertation established a model structure for public service in hope of finding the decisive variables which can affect the capability of public service through model analysis. The model is established to relate the independent variables with the dependent variables and to provide objective support to final improvement of public service capability of ethnic minority autonomous regions; in the end, this dissertation gives an objective assessment of public service capability of ethnic minority autonomous regions on the basis of model structure and attempts to find the realistic disparity so as to provide practical support to further improvements for public service capability. This dissertation used statistical methods and tools such as SPSS, model analysis, linear regression and cluster analysis to make a quantitative analysis of the public service structure and capability of ethnic minority autonomous regions as a compensation for the absence of quantitative analysis. In this way, this paper further extends related research into this subject. In sum, the public service capability is the key variable which decides the public service of ethnic minority autonomous regions. Research into this subject is helpful to fundamentally improve public service capability and helps the local governments of ethnic minority autonomous regions render better public service.更多还原