民族旅游村寨的人口移动与文化变迁

【作者】 刘超祥；

【导师】 陈长平；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 人类学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文是从人口移动的角度出发,研究民族旅游村寨德夯村文化变迁的问题。德夯村是一个五百多人的苗族聚居村,地处湘西,位于大山之中。旅游开发前,由于交通不便、村民商品意识低等原因,德夯村的人口移动规模小,受外界影响小,文化变迁缓慢。旅游开发后,德夯村的人口移动规模逐渐增大,受此影响,村民与他者的交往与互动更加频繁。在与他者的交往与互动中,受他者的影响,德夯村文化发生了巨大的变迁。德夯村文化在人口移动中所发生的变迁,先是一些村民个人受他者影响在某些方面的改变,进而才是村寨文化整体性的变迁。本文主要采用人类学的田野调查方法,同时结合文献进行研究,运用比较的方法对德夯村人口移动中的文化变迁进行了分析和探讨。本文分如下几部分：第一章导论部分介绍了本文的选题缘由及研究意义,对与本论题相关的已有研究进行了回顾和梳理,同时也对本论文的研究设计进行了介绍。在研究设计中,对本文的理论视角、主要研究方法、相关的核心概念,以及主要内容进行了阐述和介绍。第二章介绍了德夯村所处的区域背景与村寨概况。概述了德夯村的地理、生态、人口、传统文化,以及旅游业发展历程,呈现了人口移动中德夯村文化变迁的自然和社会背景。第三章概述了德夯村的人口移动状况,对德夯村人口移动中的主客交往进行了分析。认为通过人口移动,德夯村村民与他者之间的文化交流和涵化,以及村民与他者之间的社会交往和交换得以实现。通过对人口移动中德夯村村民与他者的文化交流和涵化、社会交往和交换的分析,探讨了人口移动对德夯村文化变迁所发生的影响。第四章从经济生活、物质生活、语言、婚姻与家庭、民间工艺、以及精神生活等方面描述和分析了德夯村文化在人口移动中所发生的变迁。第五章对村民与“闯入者”视野中的德夯村文化变迁进行了解读和阐释。通过对村民与“闯入者”对德夯村文化变迁的感知和态度的分析,进一步展示了德夯村文化在人口移动中所发生的变迁。第六章结论。德夯村在人口移动中发生的文化变迁实质上是一种文化再生产现象。全面性是德夯村人口移动中文化变迁的基本特征。德夯村在人口移动中的文化变迁,是社会正常发展的结果。满足游客需要,兼顾村民要求,是民族旅游村寨文化健康发展的保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the perspective of population movement, this paper explores the topic of the cultural change of De Hang village, an ethnic tourism village.De Hang, inhabited mainly by the Chinese minority ethnic group, Miao, is a village with more than500people and is located in Xiang Xi rural mountain area. Before the tourism there was cultivated, a lot of limitations, such as the inconvenient transportation, villagers’ lack of sense of commerce, causes such consequences as a small-scale population movement, little influence from the outside world, and finally, slow cultural change. But after the cultivation of tourism, with the increasing population movement, the villagers had more frequent interactions and communications with the outside world, which exerted tremendous influences and cultural changes on De Hang village. Its cultural change was first shown in some individual villagers who changed their way of behaviors and then swept the village as a whole.This paper mainly analyses and discusses the cultural change in the process of population movement by utilizing the anthropological methodology of field research, combining the study of related literature as well as the using method of comparison.This paper can be divided into parts as follows:Chapter I The introduction part concludes the reason and of the choice of topic and the significance of research, reviews and summarizes the present researches on this topic and also introduces the research design of this paper. The research design explains and introduces the theoretical perspective, major methods of research, core concepts that are related as well as the main content of this paper.Chapter II This chapter explores the overall regional background of De Hang village, which includes its geography, ecology, demography, traditional culture and the development of tourism. The natural and social background of its cultural evolvement in the process of population movement is presented.Chapter III Chapter two summarizes the situation of population movement of De Hang village and gives some analysis to the host-gest interactions in the process of population movement. This paper holds that through population movement, the mutual cultural communication and influence as well as the social interactions and exchange are achieved between De Hang villager and the others. Through the analysis of the above achievements, this paper explores the influence of population movement on the cultural change of De Hang village.Chapter Ⅳ This chapter describes and analyses the changes of the De Hang village culture in the population moving from economic life, material life, language, marriage and family, crafts, spiritual life aspects.Chapter Ⅴ This chapter analyses and interprets the view of the villagers and the "intruders" in De Hang village cultural change. According to the perception and analysis of the villagers and the "intruders" on De Hang village cultural change, it further demonstrates the transition of population movement of the De Hang village culture.Chapter Ⅵ The conclusion of the study:The changes of the De Hang village culture in the population moving is essentially a kind of cultural reproduction phenomena and whose basic characteristic is comprehensiveness. The cultural changes caused by population movements in De Hang village is the result of the development of the society. Meeting the tourists’ needs and taking into account the requirements of the villagers are the strong guarantees for the healthy development of national tourist village culture.更多还原