英语情绪类语块认知隐喻研究

【作者】 周荣；

【导师】 王远新；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 社会语言学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文利用认知隐喻理论,以卓坦科沃斯克情绪五阶段认知模型为理论依据,对英语情绪类语块的概念意义加以阐述。英语情绪类语块是语言使用者大脑中对表达情绪的,具有不同新鲜度的英语语言材料加以整体认知的多词单位。它可以从构造、语义、语用三个角度进行分类。英语情绪类语块是个抽象概念,它的认知结构由意象图式、一般特征和具体特征构成,可表示为：{英语情绪类语块概念意义}=[意象图式][一般特征][具体特征]。意象图式是蕴藏于人类大脑底层的抽象结构,它是存在于我们的感知和身体运作程序中一种反复出现的动态模式,它使得我们的身体经验具有了结构和连贯性。卓坦科沃斯克把情绪概念化为五阶段认知模型,它能够很好地映现一个人在情绪未出现、情绪出现、控制情绪、情绪失控、采取行为这一时间序列上的细微变化。它的隐喻基础是容器隐喻,通过容器隐喻发生的时间序列上的物理变化形象地展现一个人从零情绪到再次零情绪过程中的所有细节。这个认知模型对于情绪概念认知结构的建构有重要的启发作用。我们通过这个模型得到了英语情绪类语块认知结构的一般特征,同时,本文也根据此模型抽象出情绪概念的意象图式——容器图式。英语情绪类语块的一般特征包括：原因、存在、控制、失控、动作。以一种特征表现的语块就是单一特征语块,以两种或两种以上特征表现的语块就是复合特征语块。单一特征语块只有一个情绪单位。复合特征语块具有两个或两个以上情绪单位。情绪单位是指英语情绪类语块内部表达情绪意义的语言形式,它由情绪词来充当。情绪单位有时由一个情绪词充当,有时由两个或两个以上情绪词充当。英语情绪类语块的具体特征来自于现实生活中具体可见、可感知的事物,例如光与火、热与冷、身体动作或体验、各种可能引发情绪的事物或现象等。这些事物或现象大致可以分为四个方面：第一,物理状态—指与自然环境相关的冷、热、光、电和火等物理现象；第二人—指所有有生命的事物；第三,行为反应—指人处于情绪中的各种身体表现状况,例如“他笑得前仰后合”；第四,原因—指可能导致或产生情绪的事物与现象等。这四方面具体特征可以单独形象地体现情绪类语块的语义特征,也可以结合起来使用。本文选取快乐、气愤、痛苦、害怕、喜欢、吃惊等六种英语情绪类语块进行具体特征的分析。英语情绪类语块的隐喻类型包括转喻、转喻和隐喻并用、隐喻,它们与死隐喻组合到一起,一共具有七种隐喻类型：死隐喻语块、死隐喻与转喻并用语块、死隐喻与隐喻并用语块、死隐喻与转喻、隐喻并用语块、转喻语块、转喻和隐喻并用语块、隐喻语块。本文择取来自哈尔滨工程大学、哈尔滨理工大学、黑龙江大学的139名2011级大一新生被试,利用问卷调查法、访谈法,考察他们对上述七种隐喻类型语块的识别与理解情况,得出如下结论：死隐喻语块的识别正确率高于活隐喻语块；不同英语学习水平、不同性别、不同学科的大学生对情绪类语块的识别与理解具有不同的反应。总之,本文从描写语言学、认知隐喻理论、社会语言学等不同学科、不同角度对英语情绪类语块进行的研究,为各种学科的语块实证研究提供了个案,同时也进一步加深了对语块理论的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation, based on the Emotion Five-stage Cognitive Model of Zoltan Kovecses, analyses the conceptual meaning of English emotion formulaic sequence.English emotion formulaic sequence is a poly-word unit with different degree of freshness of English language materials and integral cognition, processed in mind by language users. It can be categorized in three angles:structurally, semantically and pragmatically.English emotion formulaic sequence is an abstract concept. Its cognitive structure consists of image-schema, general-characteristics and specific-characteristics, which could be indicated as:{conceptual meaning}=[images-schema][general-characteristics][specific-characteristics].Image-schema is held in store at the bottom of human brain, existing in the processing procedure of our feeling and body. It is a recurrent dynamic model, making our body experience with structure and consistency.Zoltan Kovecses(1990) conceptualized emotion into Five-stage Cognitive Model, which can better reflect the vague change of time series on zero-emotion, emotion-appearance, emotion control, out of control of emotion, take-action of emotion. The metaphor basis of emotion is container metaphor. This model can inspire us to find the general-characteristics of cognitive structure. In the meanwhile, we can draw in an abstract way an image-schema from the model—ontainer schema.The general-characteristics of English emotion formulaic sequence is:reason, being, control, out of control and action. Formulaic sequence with merely one type of characteristics is single-type, while with two or two above is composite-type. Single-type formulaic sequence has only one emotion unit, and composite-type has two or more than two emotion units. Emotion unit is a lingual form that can express emotion meaning of formulaic sequence, which is acted by emotion word. Emotion unit is sometimes acted by a word, sometimes by two or more than two words.The specific-characteristics of English emotion formulaic sequence mainly comes from some visible and sensible objects in real lives, such as light and fire, heat and coldness, body actions or experience, extra phenomena that could lead to emotion. These phenomena revealed in four aspects:physical conditions (connected with nature environment), human (related with living organisms), body actions or behaviors, reason (resulting in emotion). These four aspects could separately embody the semantic features of emotion formulaic sequence, and put together into use. This dissertation selected six types of emotion semantic formulaic sequence and put them into analysis on their specific-characteristics.The metaphor categorization of English emotion formulaic sequence includes metonymy, metaphor, metonymy together with metaphor. When the three types of metaphor is combinated with dead metaphor, it forms seven types of metaphor categories of emotion formulaic sequence:dead-metaphor, dead-metonymy, dead-metaphor, dead-metonymy-metaphor, metonymy, metaphor, and metonymy-metaphorThis dissertation selected139subjects of Grade-2011freshman from Harbin Engineering University, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University. It investigated through questionnaire and interview their recognition and comprehension about the seven metaphor categories. The conclusion is as follows:the correctness rate of recognition of dead formulaic sequence is higher than that of active formulaic sequence; the three university students with different English levels, different genders, different majors have different reflection on the recognition and comprehension of emotion formulaic sequence.To sum up, this dissetation researches on English emotion formulaic sequence from structural linguistics, cognitive metaphor theory and sociolinguistics, providing empirical research with a case, in the meanwhile furthering the understanding of formulaic sequence theory.更多还原