呼伦贝尔市生态城市发展模式研究

【作者】 申远；

【导师】 樊胜岳；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族经济， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 全球范围内不断加速的城市化进程极大的推动了人类经济社会的繁荣,但是伴随着城市规模的不断扩大和城市数量的迅速增长,多数城市环境保护措施与基础设施建设无法同步进行,城市内部结构和功能并未得到相应提升和完善,很难实现协调发展。城市化集聚了显而易见的物质财富,同时也导致了资源耗竭、环境污染和生态破坏等一系列生态问题,这些问题不但在一定程度上阻滞了经济发展和社会进步,也直接威胁到人类自身的可持续发展。在这一背景下,人们开始对原有的生存空间、生活方式和价值观念进行反思,于是作为从生态系统角度综合看待城市的一种全新理论——生态城市发展理论便应运而生,并得到了世界上众多学者和城市建设实践者的广泛关注,生态城市理论在国内外越来越多地被应用于实践,并产生了明显的社会、经济、生态效益。中国现代城市化进程起步较晚。由于历史原因,城市化发展极不平衡,东部地区城市化水平相对较高,西部地区城市化发展则严重滞后。呼伦贝尔作为西部地区的典型城市,自然资源丰富,生态环境优美,战略地位突出。但与此同时,由于生态环境极为脆弱加之粗放的经济发展模式,呼伦贝尔在经济和社会发展的同时也出现了较中东部地区更为严重的生态环境问题。生态城市追求的是自然、经济和社会的协调发展,通过生态城市建设不仅可以有效改善由于粗放经济发展带来的生态环境破坏,而且可以促进经济社会发展水平的提高,因此,对呼伦贝尔市的生态建设模式进行深入探讨势在必行。目前,国外的生态建设模式主要有规划先行、公众参与、社区驱动等模式,国内生态城市建设模式主要有山水型、森林型、阳光型等模式。论文综合考虑呼伦贝尔市生态环境状况、社会经济发展水平以及城市化进程等因素,初步界定了现阶段较适宜该地区发展现状的生态城市发展模式范畴；同时为了进行横向比对,本文基于整个西部民族地区经济、社会、环境现状,构建了一套以整个中国西部民族地区城市为评价对象的评价指标体系,并运用评价指标体系对呼伦贝尔与该地区的部分城市进行了比较分析,探索了呼伦贝尔发展生态城市应选择的具体模式。本研究案例区呼伦贝尔地处内蒙古自治区东部,旅游资源丰富奇特,分布相对均衡,且近年来经济发展速度较快,现已具备发展生态旅游的资源基础和基本条件。同时,呼伦贝尔目前面临着严重的环境污染、沙漠化加剧、湿地消失、草场退化、森林减少等问题,作为中国北方的重要口岸,其生态环境问题直接关系到边疆稳定、民族团结、国防建设和国家安全。因此,探讨呼伦贝尔生态旅游城市发展模式意义重大。本研究主要分为五章：第一章是生态城市的理论基础及研究进展。本文认为,由于城市发展的复杂性以及解决问题的长期性,生态城市建设是城市实现可持续发展的根本出路。另外,通过对生态城市理论与建设实践的回顾,本文认为由于城市所处的区域以及城市本身经济、社会基础的差异性,决定了呼伦贝尔市生态城市发展模式应在充分吸收国内外生态城市实践模式基础上,采取以政府主导为主、结合公众参与型、社区驱动型、项目推进型相结合的组织模式,在此基础上探索适宜呼伦贝尔市的生态城市发展模式。第二章对中国呼伦贝尔市的自然、经济、社会发展状况作了宏观概述；同时,详细论述了呼伦贝尔市城市发展现状和城市基础设施建设水平；在此基础上提出生态城市建设不仅是世界各国的普遍共识、是中国城市发展的必然选择,更是呼伦贝尔市城市发展的必然选择。第三章在前两部分论述的基础上明确了中国呼伦贝尔市生态城市建设目标,探讨了呼伦贝尔市生态城市建设应遵循的基本原则,构建了生态城市评价模型。基于模型的计算,得出呼伦贝尔市发展旅游型生态城市的结论。第四章具体论述了呼伦贝尔市生态城市发展模式选择。在生态城市评价指标体系数据的基础上,具体阐释了呼伦贝尔市城市应选择的生态城市发展模式及其发展路径的设计。第五章是呼伦贝尔市旅游型生态城市发展模式的实现途径及对策。在前面研究的基础上,本论文从实现途径和对策建议两个方面对呼伦贝尔旅游型生态城市模式进行了构建。更多还原

【Abstract】 The accelerating process of worldwide urbanization prompted economic prosperity of human society greatly. But along with the rapid growth of the city size and the expansion of the number of cities, it cannot be carried out simultaneously the environmental protection measures and construction of infrastructure in most cities. It is difficult to achieve coordinated development. Urbaniztion did not only centralize the obvious wealth, but also led to a series of ecological problems, for example, resource depletion, environmental pollution and ecological damage. These problems will block, a certain extent, economic development and social progress, as well threats human beings’ sustainable development. In this context, the theory of eco-city have come into being, and attracted many scholars and urban construction practitioners, the eco-city theory at home and abroad are increasingly being used in practice, and produced a significant social, economic and ecological benefits.Modern urbanization process started late in China. Due to historical reasons, the development of urbanization is extremely uneven, the urbanization level of eastern China is relatively higher than the western region’s. Hulunbeier, as a typical city of the western region, is rich in natural resources and beautiful ecological environment. At the same time, however, due to the extremely fragile ecological environment coupled with the extensive mode of economic development, Hulunbeier have been more serious ecological and environmental problems than the eastern. Eco-city in pursuit of natural, economic and social coordinated development, not only can effectively improve the ecological environment which was destructed by the extensive economic development, but can contribute to raising the level of economic and social development. Therefore, it is imperative to research deeply the construction model of eco-city in Hulunbeier.At present, there are several foreign eco-city construction modes, such as Planning in advance, Public participation, Community-driven mode and so forth. The domestic eco-city construction modes include Landscape type, Forest type, Sun type and so on. Considering the Hulunbeier ecological and environmental conditions, socio-economic development level and the process of urbanization and other factors comprehensively, the dissertation defined initially of the scope of the eco-city development model which is more appropriate at this stage for the development status of the region. For analogy, the dissertation build a set of evaluation index system for the evaluation to the whole Chinese Western Nationality Region, and using the evaluation index system for a comparative analysis between Hulunbeier and the other similar cities, to explore the development mode of eco-city in Hulunbeier. Hulunbeier is located in the eastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and rich in tourism resources. In recent years, owing to the rapid pace of economic development, it has the basic conditions for the development of eco-tourism. Meanwhile, Hulunbeier faced with serious environmental pollution, desertification, loss of wetlands, grassland degradation and deforestation, its eco-environmental problems directly influences the stability in border areas, national unity and national security. Therefore, it is significant to discuss the eco-tourism urban development patterns in Hulunbeier.更多还原