【作者】 邬震坤；

【导师】 李思经；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业信息管理学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 在我国发展农业现代化及“三化同步”的趋势下，随着我国农村信息化建设的深入推进，为农户提供农业科技知识服务，促进农业科技成果转化，推动农业技术应用显得尤为重要，现有的停留在“信息层面”居多的农业科技知识服务方式已远远不能满足农户日益增长的多元化、知识化的需求。面对当前农村普遍存在的“信息富有”但“知识贫困”的现象，如何为农户提供新型农业科技知识服务则更为迫切。知识服务理念的兴起、网络信息技术的应用和发展，为新型知识服务体系的构建提供了现实可行性。本文综合运用了知识管理理论、信息资源管理理论、农业科技传播理论，采用文献分析、问卷调查、案例分析的研究方法，基于农户视角系统分析了我国农业科技知识服务的现状，对农业科技知识服务需求进行了调查与分析，并提出构建一个基于农户视角的新型农业科技知识服务体系的框架思路，尝试采用知识管理理论的先进理念，对农业科技知识服务要素进行分析。全文的创新性研究主要体现在以下两个方面：一是提出了基于农户视角的新型农业科技知识服务体系框架。框架由知识服务虚拟空间、知识服务主体系统、知识服务客体系统、知识服务媒介系统、知识资源系统五大基本要素组成。在新型体系框架中，建立了以网络通讯为基础的知识服务虚拟空间，为主体系统与客体系统提供无间交流的场所。主体系统作为知识服务的提供方，以新型组织形式——农业科技知识联盟和虚拟农业科技组织，利用以互联网络、知识库、知识门户、知识服务平台为代表的新媒介以及整合共享的知识资源进行知识创新与科技创新。新型体系的五大要素能够相互促进，形成强大的知识服务能力，以便为农户提供更有效、更快捷的知识服务。二是探讨了新型知识服务体系的服务模式和发展运行机制。论文以不同角度对知识服务模式加以分类。提出按照行使职能分类的内容发掘模式、产品开发模式、问题解决模式、培训教育模式；按照运行机制分类的公益性质的技术指导模式、科技示范的技术推广模式、利益共享的技术服务模式；按照媒介形式分类，在传统媒介形式之外，分为在线实时咨询服务模式、仓储式自助服务模式、订制式服务模式，依托新媒介的这三种知识服务模式将成为未来的发展趋势。为确保新型体系的高效运转，论文提出了与其配套的以政府为主导、社会力量广泛参与、产学研多方协作为根本的科学发展机制，以及以准入、激励、反馈、整合与共享、双向教育培训、多元投入为核心的运行机制。本文紧密结合农户的知识需求提出了新型知识服务体系，对提升我国知识服务能力和水平，真正为农户提供适用的知识，具有一定的实践意义。本文中的一些观点、思路对于我国新时期农业科技知识服务建设具有理论上的参考价值和实践中的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the trend of agricultural modernization and the synchronizing process with the industrializationand the urbanization, with the deepening of rural informatization construction, it is particularlyimportant to provide peasant households with knowledge service of agricultural science and technology(KSAST) in order to promote both the application of agricultural technology and transformation ofagricultural scientific and technological achievements. Existing "information level" service model hasbeen far from meeting the peasant households growing diversified, knowledge-based needs. Facing tothe phenomenon of "information rich" but "knowledge poverty" in the rural areas, how to providefarmers with the new type of KSAST is even more urgent. The rise of knowledge service and thedevelopment of network information technology has provided the practical feasibility for theconstruction of new knowledge service system.In this paper, three theories were used, which were knowledge management, information resourcesmanagement and agricultural science and technology communication. The current situation anddemands of KSAST for farmers were analyzed using the methods of literature analysis, questionnairesand case study. This paper proposed to build a framework of a new knowledge service system andanalyzed some elements of KSAST on the basis of the advanced ideas of knowledge management. Theinnovation points in this paper were reflected in the following two aspects:First, a new knowledge service framework for farmers was proposed. The framework wascomposed of five elements, which were the virtual space, subject system, object system, media system,and knowledge resource system. In the new framework, the virtual space, which was an internet-basedvirtual field, was constructed to provide the place for the communication between the subject and theobject. The subject system as the provider of the knowledge service, forming two new typesorganizations which were knowledge alliance of agricultural science and technology and virtualorganization of agricultural science and technology, through the new media system which was made upof internet, knowledge base, knowledge station, platform of knowledge service, using the integrated andshared knowledge resource, undertook the knowledge innovation and technological innovation. The fiveelements could form cross-promotion and strong capacity of knowledge service, and then provide moreeffective and handy knowledge service.The second was to explore new service models and operating mechanism of the knowledge servicesystem.The paper classified the models from various angles, they were content-digging model,product-developing model, problem-solving model and training-education model according to theexercise of functions. They were gemeinnuetzig technological guiding model, exemplary technologicalextension model and interest-shared technological service model according to the operating mechanism.They were classified as real-time consultation model, stockroom-style and self-service model and orderform model according to the forms of new media, three models would be the tendency in future. Thescientific developing mechanisms were proposed, which included government-leading, widespreadparticipation of the social forces, and cooperation in the learning with research and production. At the same time, the operating mechanisms were put forward, which contained the admittance, incentive,feedback, integration and share, two-way education and training, diversified input. The scientificdeveloping mechanisms and the operating mechanisms would ensure the highly active of the newsystem.Closely combined with the knowledge needs of farmers, this paper proposed a new type ofknowledge service system. It would have a certain practical significance on improving the ability andthe level of knowledge service in order to apply useful knowledge for farmers. Some opinions and ideasin this article would have theoretical and practical values to the construction of KSAST in new era inChina.更多还原