【作者】 崔鲁祥；

【导师】 郭永波；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 中国职业体育改革已历经十余年发展,职业联赛所带来的巨大经济利益和社会效益,使利益主体对竞技体育的价值观发生了较大转变。其利益相关者一方面怕失去既得利益,另一方面又不愿承担责任,进而或因组织结构不健全,或因制度缺陷,终致矛盾冲突频现。故,如何克服管理缺陷,合理借鉴欧美职业体育治理经验,探索中国特色职业联赛利益相关者协同治理机制势在必行。本文采用规范、实证和案例分析相结合的方法,运用利益相关者、治理和博弈理论对中国职业体育利益相关者的分类、利益需求、实现方式和行为博弈等问题进行调查,结论为：(1)本文尝试借鉴多维细分法和米切尔评分法对中国职业体育十三类利益相关者进行界定和分类,结果显示：中国职业体育利益相关者在重要性、主动性和紧急性三个维度上是存在差异的；核心利益相关者有俱乐部、项目协会、运动员和教练员；中间利益相关者有裁判员、赞助商、政府、媒体、观众；边缘利益相关者有项目运营公司、比赛场馆、广告商、中介等。(2)职业体育发展过程中,各利益相关者均有多种利益需求,职业体育的发展需满足不同利益相关者的利益需求,才能整合和发挥其资源优势,实现共赢。(3)因职业体育各利益相关者的利益需求存在差异,彼此间存在利益和权力的博弈。博弈总会导致个体理性与集体理性之间的冲突,围绕冲突会产生有利于实现双方利益最大化的均衡解,但在职业体育改革中却不一定被博弈双方理性选择。(4)欧美职业体育制度通过自下而上的方式逐渐发展完善,属于典型的利益相关者协同治理机制。我国职业体育是由政府主导的自上而下渐进性改革,对利益相关者利益需求的忽视、治理结构的不健全、制度建设的系统性缺失等导致利益相关者之间冲突频发。(5)中国职业体育利益相关者协同治理的策略首先要建立和完善职业体育相关法律和规制,构建中国特色职业体育联盟；进而深化协会实体化改革、推动体育管理部门职能转换,与其他社会组织共同形成利益相关者协同监管体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 With more than10years development of Chinese professional sports reform, professional sports leagues have brought tremendous economic interests and social benefits, however, these cause great change in competitive sports value of interest subjects. The stakeholders scare to lose interests on the one hand; on the other hand, they are not willing to take responsibility for the risks, so as to cause frequent conflicts for the reason of diseased structure or institutional defect. Therefore, how to resolve the institutional defect, reference rational experience of sports management from America and Europe, and find a Chinese characteristics coordinating management institution among stakeholders are more innovative and creative.By the methods of criterion being combined with demonstration, and cases analysis, we use stakeholders, management, and game theory to investigate for the category of Chinese professional sports stakeholders, interest demand, way of realization, and strategic behavior. The results are as follows:(1) The article tries to use multidimensional subdivision and Mitchell’s score to define and classify the thirteen stakeholders of Chinese professional sports, and get the following results. Firstly, there are different in importance, initiative, and urgency these3latitudes of Chinese professional sports stakeholders; secondly, the core stakeholders have club, sports association, and coaches; the in-between stakeholders have referees, backers, government, mass media, and audience. The brink stakeholders have company, venues and related facilities, advertisers, intervening agency, etc.(2) With the development of professional sports, every stakeholder has many interest demands, The development of professional sports needs to satisfy the demands of different stakeholders, only in this way, can it integrates and takes advantage of sports resources, so as to do all-win. (3) Game playing of interests and rights is appeared in different professional sports stakeholders, because of the different interests demand of them. Game playing will lead to the rational conflict between individual and collective. Around the conflict game playing will produce beneficial for both sides to pursue balanced solution, but it is not necessarily to be selected rationally by both sides in the reform of professional sports.(4) The management institution of America and Europe is gradually developed, and the main way of it is from up to down, and it belongs to typical coordinating management institution among stakeholders. Our country’s professional sports structure is progressive reform from top to bottom which led by government, but neglect of demands of stakeholders, defect of management structure, disabled system of institution construction, etc, cause frequent conflicts among stakeholders.(5) Chinese coordinating management institution of coordinating management should firstly build and perfect related law and rule of professional sports; develop club managing structure; establish Chinese characteristic professional sports league;further deepen the association entity reform, form stakeholders cooperative supervision system with other social organizations.更多还原