【作者】 王国庆；

【导师】 钟秉枢；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 “常青藤”现象在本文中指处于顶尖水平的体操运动员能长时间(八年或八年以上)保持巅峰状态,能活跃在世界竞技赛场上并取得优异成绩的现象。黄旭18岁、李小鹏17岁、杨威19岁即成为世界冠军,并分别在21岁、19岁、20岁成为奥运会冠军。他们不仅练到28、29岁,参加了3届奥运会,更在2008年北京奥运会上,保持极佳的巅峰状态,获得优异的成绩。本文作者作为他们的教练,亲历了他们从冠军到冠军的培养过程,通过采用质的研究、个案分析、文献研究、专家访谈、逻辑分析等方法,对此培养过程进行研究,对优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态进行了深层次的剖析：研究结果认为：1、建立“愿景”是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的心理学基础。2、把握和处理好过程和结果之间的辨证关系是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的哲学指导。这一关系的把握体现在目标制定、训练安排和比赛调控三个方面。3、针对不同运动员训练中的个体特异性实施区别对待是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的教育学原则。4、创新是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的不竭动力。必须在确保动作质量的前提下进行技术训练方法的创新、训练主体思维创新。5、在运动员技战术水平接近的情况下,体能是获胜的关键,是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的训练学依据。6、合理的膳食搭配和充分的营养补充,是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的营养学条件。7、在保证系统训练的前提下有效预防损伤,伤后迅速康复是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的决策学顺导。8、研训配合是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的科学保障。9、运动恢复对于保证训练质量、提高运动成绩有着不可忽视的作用,是优秀体操运动员长期保持巅峰状态的的生理学路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Evergreen" Phenomenon in this article is the gymnasts who are in the apex level for a long time (eight years or above eight years), and who can enliven in the world athletics athletic field and obtains the excellent result. Huang Xu18years old, Li Xiao peng17years old, Yang Wei19years old, they become the world champion, And in21year old,19year old,20years old becomes the Olympic Games champion separately. They not only practiced to28,29years old, but also attended3Olympic Games, In2008at Beijing Olympic Games, maintained the extremely good athletic state, obtained the outstanding result. This article author is their coach, and experienced the raise process of them from the champion to the champion, using the archery target research, Case analysis, Literature search, Expert interview, Methods and logic analysis, conducts the the raise process, discussed the reason of the outstanding gymnasts who maintains the best athletic state for a long time:One:"Prospect" is the psychology foundation of the outstanding gymnasts who have the best athletic state for a long time. As an outstanding trainer who shoud bring the prospect to the team, And through clear goal establishment, detailed plan, drive motive, team condensation, who transforms this kind of prospect for the reality needs.Tow:Grasps and processes between the process and the result dialectical relations are the the philosophy instruction of the outstanding gymnasts have the best athletic state for a long time. This relations manifests the three aspects which are the goal formulation, the training arranges and competes regulates.Three:differential treatment of the different athletes is the the pedagogy principle of the outstanding gymnast who have the best athletic state for a long time. According to the demand of special, the different training stage duty, the request, having the difference arrangement in the entire training process, Including the physiological load of exercise and the movement intensity, the technical training and the tactical arrangement, the physical ability training and prepare before the game.Four:The innovation is the drainless power of the outstanding gymnasts who maintain the best athletic state for a long time. The guarantee is that keeping the movement quality carriying on the technical training method the innovation, the training main body nnovation.Five:If the athlete’s technique and tactics level close, the physical ability is the key to win, which is the study basis of the outstanding gymnasts who have the best athletic state for a long time, physical ability training needs to pay attention to the accumulation of quantity and the intensity, which unites technology and tactic tightly, Coordinates recovery training, unifies faculty training, attends training personalization, continuous training and gradual arrangement.Six:Reasonable diet and full nutrition is the nutrious condition of the outstanding gymnast who maintain the best athletic state for a long time, Gymnast’s central nervous system weary easily, the nutrition meals supplies before, during and after the movement, supplement the sugar sport drink, it is very important to balance inside and outside organism cell fluid.Seven:Under guarantee system training premise preventing damage effectively, the rapid recovery after the wound is the the instruction of the outstanding gymnasts who maintain the best athletic state for a long time, we should know the gymnastics movement common damage suggestion factor as well as the related knowledge, Latent pathogenic factor control or minimum.Eight:The coordination between scientific research and training is the scientific safeguard of the outstanding gymnasts who have the best athletic state for a long time. The coach and the scientific researcherscooperate, the function monitoring, the information service, the rule analysis, the expert consult, cause the scientific research and the technical service to tackle the key research project closely. Nine:The sport restores guarantee training quality, improves the sport result which has the noticeable function is the physiology way of the outstanding gymnasts who have the best athletic state for a long time, it is an indispensable part in gymnastics training system that restores the process and the method after training.更多还原