【作者】 张杰；

【导师】 徐伟军；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 民族传统体育学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 在建设社会主义文化强国的大背景下,太极拳作为一种文化实体,是中国传统文化的真实展现和逼真摹本,太极拳传对实现中国文化的国际化影响具有重要的价值和意义。为了探讨太极拳在美国的传播状况以及文化影响,本研究运用文献资料法、质性分析法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法和比较研究法,依据“理论梳理和分析——理论假说——实证支持”的研究范式,从文化、跨文化、太极拳以及其相互关系出发,通过实证调查分析太极拳在美国的跨文化传播现状,并分析其文化效应,比较东方同质项目的传播经验,提出传播策略。最后得出了以下结论：(1)中西方文化差异表现在感性与理性、科学与经验、整体与局部等方面,两者存在冲突的同时,亦存在互补的前提,为太极拳在美国的跨文化传播提供了可能性；(2)太极拳属于以身体感知为主的文化符号,是一个以和谐为中心.以所指、能指和中间媒介为主要内容,以空间为表象,以界限为范围的立体结构体系,具有体势性、表意性、隐喻性、整体性特点；(3)太极拳服务组织数量存在一定地域差异,中西部最多,其余地区差距不大；太极拳跨文化传播的影响因素中,受人口数量、人口密度、收入和年龄阶段最为显著,其中,人口数量、巾老年群体的百分比与太极拳服务组织数量成正相关,人口密度、收入以及18岁以下人口百分比与太极拳服务组织数量成负相关；(4)传播者以美国本土化白人为主,中老年人即是传播者的主要群体,也是主要受众,高学历者、从事教育业和医疗保健业的居多；以人际传播和商业组织传播方式为主；太极拳技术表象与文化内涵脱节；但是,太极拳的健身价值和文化理念得到较高认同；(5)传播者之间存在”多而不和”的问题,缺乏正规的管理组织,“正宗”与否是传播者之间竞争的核心；传播途径单一,传播范围较窄；传播内容多以长套路为主,缺乏相关的评价标准；健身是受众选择练习太极拳的主要目的；传播效果来看,太极拳传播范围“广而不深”,传播仅流于表象,未触及文化深邃；(6)太极拳在美国的跨文化传播策略应从物质层面、管理制度层面和核心价值层面改革和创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the background of building the nation with socialism culture, Tai-chi Chuan, as a cultural entity, is the realistic copy and presentative of traditional Chinese culture somehow. The spread of Tai-chi Chuan could play an important role to affect the international culture.In order to explore the statas-quo of spread and the impact on American culture for Tai-chi Chuan in United States, this research is based on "theory and analysis-theoretical hypothesis-empirical support",using documentation method, the oral history research method, survey, interviews, statistics, and the law of comparative study. We analyze its cultural effect, statas-quo of spread and compare the Tai-chi Chuan with Yoga and Taekwondo from Orient in the terms of culture, cross-culture, Tai-chi Chuan, as well as their mutual relations. Then we put forword the spread strategy.The conclusions are as follows:(1) The differences between Chinese and Western cultures derive from the perceptual and the rational, science and experience, the whole and the part. Between them, the premise of conflict and complementary provide the possibility for cross-cultural transmission of Tai-chi Chuan in United States;(2) Tai-chi Chuan belongs to the cultural symbols of physical perception, which is centred on harmony as the limit three-dimensional structural system, mainly including signified, signifier, and the media, with space for the representation. It is of the characteristics as body potential, ideographic, metaphor, the global.(3) There are some regional differences in the numbers of Tai-chi Chuan service organizations. Where Middle West is of the most and no significant difference among the rest is found. All the factors of impacting on the Tai-chi Chuan intercultural communication, in which population, population density, income and age are the most significant. The number of organizations is positively correlated with population and the percentage of middle-aged and elderly, while negative associated with population density and the percentage of population under18;(4) In United States, communicators, the local white, the older are the main groups as well as the major followers in which the most are highly-educated people, engaged in education and health care industry. Interpersonal communication and the modes of business organizations are the main transmissional ways. There is a dispart between Tai-chi Chuan technology appearance and cultural connotation, however, the fitness values and cultural ideas of Tai-chi Chuan get higher recognition;(5) There are some problems among the communicators, lacking communication is the one case in point; Otherwise, formal management organizations are rare, while the authentic or not is the core of the competition among those who spread the Tai-chi Chuan; The dissemination means is single, and the spread range is narrow. The content of distribution is mainly long routine, short of relevant criteria. The main purpose of practicing Tai-chi Chuan is fitness. The dissemination,"wide but not deep", flow in the representation not for the profound culture;(6) The cross-cultural communication strategy of Tai-chi Chuan should be reform and innovate in the material aspects, the management system level and the core values.更多还原