【作者】 周小青；

【导师】 朱瑞琪；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 民族传统体育学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国散打比赛的发展,对于优秀运动员的选择和训练,就必须要有科学合理的机制体系,所以,对于优秀散打运动员的选择标准的制定与衡量就显得尤为重要,据此,本研究以此为出发点对我国的散打运动员的竞技能力特征和科学合理选材标准进行了研究,并作了一系列大量的相关工作,最后得到一个较为科学客观的标准体系。通过对优秀散打运动员竞技能力构成指标的选择、筛选,实际测量指标数据；并结合运动员竞技能力理论和散打项目的特点,制订了较全面优秀散打运动员竞技能力要素的结构特征模型及评价标准。在专项理论基础之上采用统计学分析的方法,确定了典型选材指标体系及其权重；并根据全样本实测数据制定综合评价标准,最后经过回代检验选取能较真实的反映优秀散打运动员的竞技能力水平,且具有一定的评价效果的选材标准。身体形态各要素主要有长度因子、宽度因子、围度因子和体脂因子构成。优秀散打运动员的体型特征表现为：身体匀称,四肢偏长,体脂含量少,肌肉粗大健壮。身体机能各要素主要有有氧代谢能力、无氧代谢能力、内分泌、心血管四大因子构成。集中表现为：心肺功能好,且无氧代谢代谢能力强。运动素质各要素主要由力量、速度、耐力、柔韧、灵敏、专项素质因子组成。主要特征表现为：协调性好,身体灵敏,速度快,耐力好,腹肌力量大,四肢快速力量大。运动技术各要素主要由基本技术、进攻技术、防反技术三个因子构成,特征主要表现为：技术规范,速度力量平衡,攻防转换灵活,技术全面。运动战术各要素主要有进攻战术、防守战术和防守反击战术等因子构成。特征主要表现为：有良好的抢攻意识和防守反击使用成功率高。运动心理要素主要由认知、焦虑、人格三个因子构成。主要特征表现为：有坚强的意志力、灵敏的直觉、良好人格特质。总之,只有科学合理的对我国高水平的散打运动员的竞技能力特征进行客观衡量和考核,并以此为依据进行科学选材,并应用于实践,才能保证好我国散打竞技比赛事业的高速发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of China’s sanda games, there should be a scientific and reasonable system for excellent athletes’selection and training. So, it is fairly important to formulate the selection standard for measuring elite sanda athletes. Accordingly, this study researches the sanda athletes’characteristics of athletic ability, and scientific and reasonable standard of excellent athletes’selection. After abundant related work, the author gets a very scientific and objective standard system.The author selects and screens the elite sanda athletes’competence index and the actual measurement data and refers to the athletic ability theory and the characteristics of the sanda project, formulating a comprehensive model of structure features of competitive capability of elite sanda athletes and evaluation standard. Based on the special theory, with the method of statistical analysis, the author creates the typical selection index system and weight. According to the measured data of the whole samples to formulate the comprehensive evaluation standard, finally choose a selection standard that can reflect the elite sanda athletes’ athletic ability level, and has certain effect of evaluation after the test.The body shape factors mainly contain the width, length factor, surrounded degree and body fat form factor. Elite sanda athletes bodily form features are:the body is well-balanced, slightly long limbs, less body fat, and muscle bulky robust. The main body function elements mainly have aerobic metabolic ability, anaerobic metabolism ability, endocrine, and cardiovascular those four factors, which show by heart lungs function well and anaerobic metabolic ability. The sports quality factors mainly include the strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, sensitive, and special quality factor. Their main characteristics are:coordinated the body sensitive, speed, endurance, abdominal muscle power, and fast limbs strength. The main factors movement techniques consist of the basic technology, attack technology, and defensive technique, which features are shown as:the technical specifications, speed and power balance, transition, flexible technology and comprehensive technology. The main factors of movement tactics are tactical comprehensive ability factor and tactical literacy constitute factors. Their main performance characteristics are:good tactical awareness and tactical use high success rate. Sports psychological elements of the athletes mainly contain the cognitive, anxiety, and personality those three factors that show strong willpower, good intuition and well personalities.All in all, only to measure and assess Chinaese high level sanda athletes’athletic ability characteristics objectively, and on the basis of that to selection and practice, we can ensure the high speed development of our sanda competition.更多还原