【作者】 王昊京；

【导师】 王建立；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所） ， 机械电子工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文研究三视场天文定位定向光电测量的关键技术。它归类于天文导航技术，通过观测天体实现载体平台的定位定向。它根据天体精确坐标位置及其运动规律，测量天体在载体参考基准面的坐标参数，计算出载体位置信息与方向信息。通过分析恒星数量的分布特征、大气特性、CCD特性发现：在白天使用近红外波段探测恒星实现导航定位比可见光波段效率高；在夜晚使用可见光波段探测恒星实现导航定位成本更加低廉，易于验证基本原理。仿真实验确定用H波段红外探测实现白昼导航定位可行性强。仿真分析了单视场、三视场的导航星分布概率，分析结果可指导红外波段和可见光波段的光学系统参数设计，并建立满足定位定向需求的星表和星识别数据库。研究高效健壮的三视场星图识别方法。此方法自动进行星图识别以实现导航定位定向。将提取的恒星从图像平面转换到载体坐标系中来实现三视场间的识别，这可获得更高的识别效率。系统据不同的初始状态执行不同的识别模式，据初始条件的不同分为全天球识别、局部识别、跟踪识别这三种模式。若地理位置信息和方向信息均未知，则执行全天球识别；若地理信息已知，而方向信息未知，则执行局部识别模式；如果已有准确的初始方位和地理位置，则执行跟踪识别。多模式的识别方法，将三个视场中星点作为整体来处理，这提高了识别效率和定位定向的正确率。分析表明三视场识别比单视场识别的先决条件概率高；局部识别的正确率是全天球识别正确率的3.7倍。研究由三颗已识别恒星构造的定位定向信息元求解载体当前位置和方向的数学模型，并通过仿真实验验证其正确性。在空间直角坐标系内建立球面天文圆模型，用二个以上球面天文圆求解交点的方法进行位置定位；建立定位的优化求解模型，给出求取优化解的方法。分析了定位和定向之间的联系，定位之后据模型求出载体的方位信息。它撇弃了传统舰船天文定位定向中使用多星定位时采用球面三角形的建模方法，避免了概念繁多、计算复杂的问题。与传统的优化求解建模相比，概念清晰，目标函数简单，容易求解。通过建立星图计算和定位定向导航软件进行仿真分析，结果表明：采用三视场天文定位定向时，定位的误差均值为257.9m，定向的误差均值为12.4″。使用三视场光电测量的方法进行定位和定向是可靠而有效的。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper studies celestial fix by the three fields of view of the opticalmeasurement. It is classified as celestial navigation techniques. According to theoptical measurement method, it obtains the stars’ position vector in the carrierreference system to calculate the carrier’s position and direction information.By analyzing the distribution of stars, atmospheric properties, CCDcharacteristics, it founds that navigation efficiency by using near-infrared banddevices is higher than visual band at daytime. Simulation experiments show that it isfeasible to detect stars by H-band device at daytime in navigation, and the stellardistribution of the probability of three optical apertures is extremely higher than oneoptical aperture’s. The simulation results can guide the design of optical systemparameters. Paper presents an algorithm to extract the star catalog and staridentification database which are used in three optical aperture navigation device.The thesis provides automatic efficient and robust star pattern recognitionmethods used in three optical aperture navigation device. Identification methodextracts the stellar points from the acquired images, and then the star positions areconverted from the image plane coordinate system to the body coordinate system toperform the three optical aperture stars identification; this can get higher recognitionefficiency. There are three recognition modes. According to the different initialconditions, the recognition modes are classified as the entire celestial sphere identification, local identification, and tracking identification. If geographicinformation and direction information are unknown, system performs the entirecelestial sphere identification mode. If geographic information is known, but notdirection information, then system performs local identification mode. If geographicinformation and direction information are all known, system performs the trackingidentification mode. Stars in three aperture optical fields are identified as a whole inmulti-pattern recognition method, which combines the information of the initial stateto identify; this improves the recognition efficiency of the system and navigationefficiency. Analysis showed that the prerequisite probability of the identification ofthree apertures is higher than the single field of view’s. The correct rate of localidentification is3.7times the entire celestial sphere.A navigation information element is constructed by an identified stellar. Thisthesis presents a concise mathematical model to determine the location and directionof the carrier, and then verifies the correctness of this navigation model bysimulation tests. Spherical astronomy circle model is established in spacerectangular coordinate system. Model by solving the two or more observationsspherical astronomy circle intersection determines the carrier geographical locationand the carrier position. And then an optimization solution model is proposed inorder to get an optimal result. Compared with the traditional solution model, theconcept of this method is clear, concise.Star chart calculation and navigation simulation software simulation analysisshows that, the average positioning error of three aperture optical navigation deviceis257.9m; the orientation error was12.4asc. Three fields of view celestial fix is areliable and effective.更多还原