【作者】 檀立刚；

【导师】 戴明；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所） ， 光学工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 机载光电侦察设备是集可见光摄像机，红外热像仪，激光测距仪等高精度测量设备于一体的用于实现航空侦察，目标瞄准、跟踪、定位等功能的全天候电子侦察设备，它通常安装于有人或无人飞机，在航空测量、对敌侦察、目标跟踪及民用航空等领域有着重要的应用价值。本文针对机载光电侦察设备实现目标定位功能对飞机平台依赖性大的问题，对机载光电侦察设备目标自主定位技术展开了研究。机载光电侦察设备目标自主定位技术是一种由机载光电侦察设备独立实现目标定位的新技术。它克服了以往目标定位技术对飞机平台依赖性很大的缺点，免除了减震器误差，同时避免了与飞机平台姿态数据通信，时钟同步对接，安装标校等繁琐步骤，可以随时挂载于飞机平台上，缩短了系统联调周期。本文提出了双天线GPS接收法和三点定位法两种实现目标自主定位技术的方法，双天线GPS接收机法根据机载光电侦察设备实际模型建立摄像机坐标系到大地坐标系等五个辅助坐标系，通过齐次坐标转换法将目标物体在摄像机坐标系下坐标转换成目标物体在大地坐标系下坐标，从而实现目标自主定位技术；三点定位法利用空间几何理论，由机载光电侦察设备不同时刻的空间位置在空间大地直角坐标系下，根据目标物体到机载光电侦察设备的距离来建立方程组，直接求解目标物体在空间大地直角坐标系下坐标，再转换求解目标物体大地坐标，从而实现目标自主定位技术；然后建立了坐标解算方程，在理论上推导了两种方法的实现过程；之后针对双天线GPS接收机法和三点定位法各自的特点，对两种方法分别作了误差分析，在蒙特卡洛统计分析方法的基础上，引入小波分析理论对误差数据进行优化，目标自主定位误差精度提高了70%；最后把这两种目标自主定位方法应用于实际项目中，完成了机载光电侦察设备目标自主定位技术的实践化，在国内首次实现了机载光电侦察设备目标自主定位技术由理论到工程应用的转变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Airborne Photo-electricity Survey Equipment which includes many high precisionequipment, for example, visible-light camera, infrared camera and laser range findercan realizes aviation surveying, target aiming and tracing and target positioning. It isfixed on manned planes or robot bomb, plays an important role in aviation measuring,aviation surveying, target tracing and civil aviation. This paper makes research intarget automatic positioning technology in airborne photo-electricity surveyequipment which aims to solve the problem that positioning technology in airbornephoto-electricity survey equipment depends on plane’s some pivotal data.Target automatic positioning technology in airborne photo-electricity surveyequipment is a new technology that airborne photo-electricity survey equipment canrealize target positioning by itself. It has resolved the problem that airbornephoto-electricity survey equipment must get the vital data from the plane to realizetarget positioning. And at the same time, it avoids many fussy things which includeattitude data communications with the plane, time synchronization, the standard in thefixing, and so on. It can reduce the error of target positioning and the cycle of unitedebugging.This paper brings up double antanna GPS receiver method and three-pointpositioning method to realize target automatic positioning technology. Double antannaGPS receiver method establishes five coordinate systems from vidicon coordinatesystem to geodetic coordinate system basing on the realistic model of airbornephoto-electricity survey equipment. This method transforms the coordinate of target invidicon coordinate system to target’s coordinate in geodetic coordinate system, thenrealize target automatic positioning technology. Three-point positioning method usethe theory of spacial geometry and target’s positioning information in earth cartesian coordinate system, establish equations in earth cartesian coordinate system basing on thedistance between target and airborne photo-electricity survey equipment, then resolvethe equations to realize target automatic positioning technology. In allusion to thecharacteristics of double antanna GPS receiver method and three-point positioningmethod, we make error analysis on the two methods. At the base of Monte Karlomethod, we bring in wavelet analysis theory to optimize the errors. The precisition ofis reduced about70%. At last, we apply double antanna GPS receiver method andthree-point positioning method in practice and realize the target automatic positioningtechnology in airborne photo-electricity survey equipment in engineering for the firsttime at home.更多还原