【作者】 冯栋彦；

【导师】 高云国；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所） ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的发展，光电仪器日趋多样化，一批机动性强、小型化的光电测量仪器得以出现。跟踪架是光电测量仪器的核心部件，是捕获、跟踪、瞄准和发射系统的光机结构基础，中小型光电仪器要求跟踪架结构简单、生产成本低、周期短，且具有高精度，而轴系则是决定跟踪架整体精度的关键部件。本文针对如何满足中小型跟踪架需求的问题，开展高精度跟踪架通用轴系匹配及精化方法研究，主要工作如下：通过对现有跟踪架的轴系结构模式分析，基于中小型跟踪架的特点和主要技术指标，提出了采用标准滚动轴承替代现有研磨轴承的通用轴系方案；重点分析了标准滚动轴承在加工制造过程中误差的形成及遵循的规律，为消差方法的提出奠定基础。详细研究了轴系平移误差和角晃动误差对光电仪器精度的影响，找出影响通用轴系回转精度的各项误差源，在此基础上给出变轴线角晃动误差为轴线平移误差的消差方法。设计与跟踪架通用轴系结构相似的水平轴系试验平台，依据自准直测量原理，构建了轴系晃动量测量的实验方案。对测量数据进行傅立叶谐波分析，分离出影响轴系精度的各项误差，找出影响轴系精度的主要误差为轴承内圈的径向跳动误差；通过对五组测量结果进行处理和分析，得出轴系精度在轴承内圈最大径向跳动方向同向安装时较反向安装提高1倍以上，验证了消差方法的可行性。采用P5级深沟球轴承61910的通用轴系，消差后的角晃动精度能够达到3″以内。因此，采用通用轴系的跟踪架能够满足中小型光电仪器对跟踪架轴系的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of science and technology, photoelectric instruments arebecoming more diverse. A number of high mobile, miniature photoelectronicmeasurement devices are appearing. Tracking gimbal is the core component of opticalmeasuring instruments, and is the base of capturing, tracking, aiming and launching.Small optical instruments require mount be simple, low cost, short production cycleand high accuracy, while the shafting is the key part of the whole precision of mount.To meet the needs of the small tracking gimbal, researches on general shaftingmatching and error correcting of high precision mount are carried out, and the mainworks are as follows:Three gimbal modes are discussed in detail. Based on the main technical indexand characters, a common shafting structure that uses the standard bearings to replacethe grinding bearings in small mounts is proposed. Focused on analyzing the law oferror of the standard rolling bearings in manufacturing process, we put forward thefoundation of error eliminating.Briefly, we study the impact of different errors for shafting precision, and find outthe error sources of the general shafting. The method that became angle error toparallel movement is given for error correcting.A test platform which is similar to the horizontal axis of general shafting is designed. According to self collimation measurement principle, we built theexperimental scheme of shafting error measurement.Fourier harmonic analysis method is used to analyze the measured data. Differenterrors influencing the shafting accuracy are separated out. The vibration of innerringis the main reason of shafting precision. By dealing with five group of measurementresults, we conclude that comparing with two bearings’ vibration at the oppositedirection, the shafting precision is improving1times above when at the same, whichverified the feasibility of error correcting method. The precision of general shaftingcan reach within3" after error eliminating. Therefore, the tracking gimbal by usingcommon shafting can meet the demand of small optical instruments.更多还原