【作者】 远国勤；

【导师】 丁亚林；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所） ， 光学工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 航空测量在军事及国民建设等领域具有广阔的应用前景。随着人类科学技术的不断发展，对航空测量成像的要求也越来越高。本文从具有前向像移补偿功能的彩色大面阵航空测绘相机的几何标定出发，对前向像移补偿、内方位元素精密标定、畸变纠正等相关技术进行了深入研究。对主点、主距、畸变系数等内方位元素进行标定是研究测绘相机中的一个重要部分，精确标定出测绘相机的内方位元素是实现高精度测绘的前提，精密测角法是测绘相机常用的一种内方位元素标定方法，原理是利用平行光管作为目标发生器，根据平行光线的入射角度及其对应的像点坐标，以镜头畸变平方和最小为约束条件对内方位元素和光学畸变进行计算。精密测角法标定测绘相机内方位元素中具有理论误差和标定精度容易受观测点分布状态影响的缺陷，针对这个问题，提出了一种基于精密测角法的分组渐进标定算法。提出的算法包括２个部分：采用分组渐近方式调整精密转台零点位置，减小了理论误差；对每组观测数据引入了数据一致性约束，消除观测值分布、数量对标定结果的影响。精度分析实验数据显示，在相同试验环境条件下，分组渐进标定算法中主点、主距标定精度比精密测角算法分别提高了2.43倍和2.00倍，表明分组渐进标定算法提高了标定精度。由于航空测绘相机在载机前向飞行中成像，曝光过程中存在前向像移，降低了图像的分辨率，并影响大比例尺图像的制作。为了提高航空测绘性能，研究了一种基于等径共轭凸轮的前向像移补偿机构并对关键部件进行了优化设计，利用驱动CCD探测器的方式补偿前向像移，实验表明本机构可有效提高成像分辨率。前向像移补偿机构造成了测绘相机内方位元素的变化，本文根据中心投影的构象方程建立了前向像移补偿下内方位元素的标定数学模型。航空检校试验表明，提出的标定模型有效的保证了测绘精度及图像分辨率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Airborne Survey has broad application prospects in the military, nationalconstruction and other fields. With the continuous development of science andtechnology, demands on the aerial survey are higher and higher. Sponsored by thegeometric Calibration of the Area Scan color CCD Mapping Camera with forwardImage Motion Compensation Mechanism, this dissertation mainly focuses on forwardImage Motion Compensation, precision Calibration of inner orientation elements,Distortion Rectification and so on.Geometric calibration, which includes the calibration of the principal point, theprincipal distance and the distortion parameters，is a very important step in the researchof mapping camera for it affects the precision of aerial photogrammetry directly.commonly calibration method is exact measuring angle method which uses collimatorto produce parallel light, through measuring the incident angel of the parallel light andthe coordinate of its image to calculate the inner orientation elements and the distortionparameters according to the principle of distortion least square. Toward the problems oftheoretical error and the distribution status of the observed which can influence oncamera calibration accuracy, a grouped approach algorithm based on exact measuringangle method is proposed. The proposed algorithm is composed of two parts: themethod of adjusting the zero point of precise rotating platform is put forward to reduce the theoretical error, and the method of weighted theory is used to approach group dataprocessing to eliminate the impact on the calibration result. Finally, the accuracy ofGrouped approach algorithm is analyzed. Experimental results show that principalpoint accuracy and the principal distance accuracy obtained by the proposed algorithmimproved by2.43times and2.01times respectively as compared with the traditionalexact measuring angle method in the same lab environment. The experimental resultsindicate that these data proves that the calibration accuracy has been improved greatly.Forward Image motion which is caused by the platform’s flight reduces theresolution of the image and affects the production of large mapping scale. In order toimprove the ground pixel resolution as well as the performance of Airborne Survey, Animage motion compensation mechanism which drives CCD detector is used tocompensation image motion and the key component, Constant-diameter ConjugateCam is optimized. Aerial tests prove that the camera’s technical parameters can meetusing demands. Experiments show that the mechanism can effectively improve theimaging resolution.Forward image motion compensation causes the variations of inner orientationelements. The calibration mathematical model which is established based on ImagingRelationship of Central Projection under the Forward image motion compensation, isresearched from three aspects of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation andapplication. The results show that the proposed calibration model to ensure themapping accuracy and image resolution更多还原