【作者】 赵坤；

【导师】 唐铁惠；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 文艺学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本论文关注的是80年代以来中国城市文学对城市景观意象和空间形态的表现,以及作家借由此类书写建构的城市形象和想象,以期达到探索一种以建筑美学视野观照文学的新方法,拓展文学景观观照途径的学术创新之目的。除绪论和结语外,论文主体由四个章节内容所组成。绪论首先提出,对文学进行跨学科观照及文化探索时必须兼重文学自身的审美属性。丰富文学解读的方法,并合理开拓反观和认识世界的途径是本文研究的出发点。接着,绪论就“选题缘起和宗旨”、“研究回顾和述评”、“研究理路和方法”三方面问题作了简要阐述。鉴于目前城市文学研究所面临的从“城市中的文学”到“文学中的城市”之范式转型,以及现有研究中存在的视域局限与理路单一的现状,论文根据从静态到动态,从单向到多元,从平面到立体研究的学术理路,紧扣“景观意象”与“空间形态”这组城市文学中至关重要的叙事资源和表现元素,以时空交融并置的“立体”范式对城市文学进行观照和探讨,并着重剖析“城市文本”与“文本城市”在现实和想象层面的多重联系。第一章立足中西方历史文本,对文学与城市建筑的关系进行概览。建筑不仅是连接“城市文本”与“文本城市”的一个重要线索,更能为文学叙事提供场域、烘托背景、营造风格,并以其独特的情感隐喻和意象表征作用,衍生出无数的新形象和新主题,是城市书写中不可或缺的一环。梳理并分析中国和西方文本中建筑书写传统的起源、流变及异同,不仅有效证明了建筑与文学这两种艺术形式在中西语境中都具有密切的关联,还有助于我们探索中西方的民族审美心理和艺术趣味倾向,以及不同阶段的社会发展状貌、总体意识形态和集体生存状态。第二章将着眼点落实于80年代以来的中国城市文学中的建筑书写。作为中国城市化进程迅猛发展的产物,城市文学致力于表现城市风貌与生活、刻划城市人格与心态,因而更加注重对城市景观的展现和对城市空间的建构。街道、节点和标志等建筑意象是城市文学借以凸显城市形象、营造城市景观的重要资源,依托对这一类建筑的书写,城市文学所建构的“文本城市”既可以有效呼应现实,也可以超越现实,表达作家对现代城市的个性阐释和丰沛想象。而城市文学中俯拾皆是的混杂的空间符号,对立的空间视野以及特殊的空间意象,也为我们观照城市文化和城市意识,探索城市人群集体性格提供了有效的切入点。第三章结合80年代以来中国现代化城市形貌的诸种特征及演变趋势,从历史、现实和想象三个层面剖析当代城市文学中的建筑形态与意象,并总结出“市井叙事与集体怀旧”、“消费时代的通属城市”以及“乌托邦与反乌托邦”三组典型的城市想象模式。不同的城市想象模式依托形态各异的景观意象和空间形态来展现,这其中必然包涵有对现实城市的反映,也与文学家自身的城市经验相关,表达了他们对城市文化的认知,对城市历史的回溯、现状的批判和寄寓的理想。由是,建筑书写不仅为我们提供了观照城市文学与反思城市文化的一系列线索,也在无形中参与建构了我们对城市的体验和想象。第四章致力于揭示作家的建筑体验与身份体认,因循文学审美和文化批评相结合、立足文本和关怀现实相结合、整体观照和特定视点相结合的研究理路,从一般的文化研究“转向”或“回归”文本自身及作家主体,探讨其对现代城市的文本呈现及背后的心理体验、情感反应、审美想象。本章梳理了“我城居住与游走”、“他城体验与跨城书写”以及“城乡互文”几种身份认知形态,并由此归纳出城市生活体验和城乡记忆对作家进行城市书写的重要影响。可以说,建筑书写为中国当代城市文学勾勒了一幅立体的地图,并深刻映射出文学家于其间居住和游走时,所寻觅或建构的城市身份。结语部分进一步考察建筑与文学的关系。这一论题无论是在文学研究领域还是在建筑美学研究方面,都显现出作为新的知识增长点的广阔前景和重要的研究价值。在反思本文的研究范式和理路的基础上,作者提出,以建筑来解析文本和创作主体,与建筑美学进行有效的跨学科对话,不仅适用于城市文学研究,更有望成为一种普遍有效且被积极采用的文学研究新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study focuses on the representation of city landscape image and spatial pattern in Chinese city literature since1980s, and the city image and imagination constructed by these writings. The aim of this study is to build a new approach to observe literature through the perspective of architecture aesthetics which will expand the academic sphere of literature landscape.The dissertation consists of6chapters.The introduction chapter firstly points out that interdisciplinary observation of literature and exploration of culture must concern the aesthetic nature of literature. This study starts to enrich the methods of interpretation of literature. As a result, it will enlarge the way of reflecting and knowing the world. This chapter addresses three aspects of this issue, that is reasons and aims of the topic selection, review and assessment of the subject and theory and methods of the study. Given the fact that current city literature study is facing a paradigm turn from the theory of reflection of the city in the literature to the recognition of the significance of city representation, which reflects restriction and simplification in previous research, this study will observe and discuss city literature under a multidimensional paradigm which coordinates time and space. This study takes an approach which is dynamic instead of static, pluralistic instead of single-way, and multifaceted instead of one dimensional. It focuses on landscape image and spatial pattern which are vital narrative resources and representational factors. The study emphasizes multiple relationships between city text and the city in the text both in reality and in imagination.Chapter One reads Chinese and western historical literature to have an overview of the relationship between literature and city architecture. Architecture is not only a significant symbol of city text and the city in the text, but it also provides a field for literature narration by highlighting background, making styles and with its unique emotional metaphors and image representation, creating countless new images and new topics. Therefore, it is an essential part of city writings. Summarizing and analyzing the origin, evolution, similarities and differences of traditional Chinese and western architectural writings will not only prove that architecture and literature, as two forms of arts, are closed related in both contexts, but also help us to explore Chinese and western national aesthetic psychology and art tendency, and social development, ideology and collective living in different historical period.Chapter Two focuses on architectural writings in Chinese city literature since1980s. As a result of rapid development of urbanization in China, city literature devotes to demonstrate city look and life and portrait city personalities and mentality, thus it pays more attention to show the city landscape and spatial construction. Architectural images such as streets, city nodes and signs are important sources to highlight city images and create city landscape. Depending on this kind of architectural writings, the city in the text constructed by city literature could effectively echo the reality, and could transcend the reality as well, by expressing the writer’s individual interpretation and rich imagination of the modern city. Hybrid spatial symbols, disputing spatial views and particular spatial images which can be found everywhere in city literature provide us a good point to observe city culture and city consciousness and explore group personalities of the city.Chapter Three analyzes architectural patterns and images in contemporary city literature from three dimensions:history, reality and imagination, combined with variable features and tendencies of Chinese modern city morphology since1980s. This chapter concludes with three types of city imagination patterns:citizens’ narratives and public nostalgia, the generic city in consuming age, and urban Utopia and Dystopia. Different city imaginary patterns depends on different types of landscape images and spatial patterns, which must include reflection of the city in reality and also relates to the writer’s own city experiences, which expresses their recognition of city culture, recall of city history, critiques of current situation and their ideals. In this way, architectural writings provide us a thread of observing city literature and reflecting city culture, and also unconsciously help constructing our city experience and imagination..Chapter Four focuses on revealing writers’architectural experiences and identity recognition. This chapter takes an approach which combines literature aesthetics and cultural critique, correlates text and reality, and coordinates general concern and particular point of view. It turns from general cultural studies to texts and writers themselves, discussing their textual representation of modern cities and the hidden mental experience, emotional reflection and aesthetic imagination behind it. This chapter summarizes identity recognition patterns including "residence and wandering in one’s own city","experience and inter-city writing in other cities", and "urban and suburban inter-textuality". It also indicates the significant influence of city living experience and memories on city writings. It can be concluded that architectural writings draws a multidimensional map for Chinese contemporary city literature and deeply reflects the city identity the writers look for and construct when they live and travel in the cities.The last chapter goes further to examine the relationship between architecture and literature. This theme proves to be a new knowledge point with a good future and significant research value whether in literature study or in architecture aesthetics study. Based on rethinking the paradigm and theory of this research, the author points out that analyzing text and creative agency through the lens of architecture and have effective interdisciplinary dialogue with architecture aesthetics would not only fit for city literature study, but also can be a generally effective and actively adopted new approach.更多还原