【作者】 唐建兵；

【导师】 朱士群；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 马克思主义发展史， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 中国化马克思主义民族观是马克思主义民族观在中国的创造性运用和发展,是马克思主义民族理论原理与中国民族结构特点相结合的产物,是历任中国共产党中央领导集体及其重要成员关于民族和民族问题的总的认识和根本看法,是被民族工作实践所证明的科学结论,是中国共产党人集体智慧的结晶。中国化马克思主义民族观形成发展的社会动因包括：中华民族面临生死存亡危机的历史背景；东方文化与西方文化交织碰撞的思想基础；无产阶级力量不断成长壮大的阶级基础；民族独立解放运动的实践动力等四个主要方面。中国传统民族观念的肥沃土壤、马列主义民族观的优良种子、处理民族问题失误的借鉴素材、长期民族工作实践的验证平台是中国化马克思主义民族观的理论实践渊源。中国化马克思主义民族观形成发展的历史进程分为：探索与酝酿(1917—1921年)、奠基与初创(1921—1978年)、形成与确立(1978—1989年)、成熟与完善(1989—)等四个阶段。马列主义民族观是马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林等马克思主义经典作家关于民族和民族问题的基本看法和根本观点,是中国化马克思主义民族观的优良种子。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,斯大林给出了第一个马克思主义民族定义：民族是人们在历史上形成的一个有共同语言、共同地域、共同经济生活以及表现在共同文化上的共同心理素质的稳定的共同体。有民族就会有民族问题,民族问题实际上就是阶级剥削与阶级压迫问题。在无产阶级革命时代,民族问题是社会革命总问题的一部分。全世界无产阶级和被压迫民族联合起来,消灭私有制和剥削压迫制度,实现民族的自由解放是解决民族问题的条件和基础。单一制共和国前提下的区域自治是解决民族问题政治结构的理想形式,联邦制仅是过渡形式。始终坚持民族自决、民族平等和民族团结的民族纲领,并以此为基本依据,制定与各国民族实际相适应的民族政策,以调适民族关系,促进民族发展,缩小民族差距,实现共同繁荣,是解决民族问题的有效途径。中国化马克思主义民族观的内容阐释是论文的重中之重。历任中央领导集体关于：民族和民族问题的观点和看法,以马克思主义民族观为指导,结合中国民族实际,对民族和民族问题内涵的界定、外延的分析；民族特征的综合描述,对中华民族的认识及民族问题“六大特性”,民族问题实质和表现形式的分析；民族区域自治是解决中国民族问题的政治结构形式；民族关系、民族发展、民族文化和民族安全等系列问题的论述和阐释,特别是对社会主义初级阶段的民族关系和民族发展问题的分析；解决中国民族问题,必须坚持民族自主、民族平等、民族团结和各民族共同繁荣等民族纲领,制定切合中国民族实际的民族政策；民族工作实践中,认真贯彻民族纲领政策,不断发展巩固平等、团结、互助、和谐的民族关系,进一步推进民族发展,最终现各民族的共同繁荣；走中国特色、各民族特点的民族发展道路是解决中国民族问题的根本道路。中国化马克思主义民族观蕴含着中国共产党人解决民族问题的智慧魅力,富有丰富哲理,其内容丰富、思想深刻,对其进行逻辑总结以推广其主要经验、认识其历史地位、把握其基本规律。中国化马克思主义民族观的主要特点,即“五个统一”：继承性和创新性相统一、历史性和现实性相统一、阶段性和系统性相统一、理论性和实践性相统一科学性和人文性相统一。实践中国化马克思主义民族观,要始终坚持：中国共产党的领导,任何时候都不能有丝毫动摇；马克思主义民族观与中国民族实际相结合；完善具有中国特色的民族区域自治制度；着力发展生产力,促进民族和民族地区经济社会全面发展；切实贯彻和认真落实党和国家的民族纲领和民族政策。中国化马克思主义民族观充实和完善了中国化马克思主义的内容、继承和发展了马克思主义民族理论观点、丰富和拓展了科学社会主义的理论内涵。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinized Marxist outlooks on ethno-nation is the creative application and development of Marxism outlooks on ethno-nation in China, and is a product of the combination of the theoretical principles of Marxism with the national characteristics of China’s specific ethnic structure. It is also the general understanding and fundamental view of the successive Chinese Communist Party and its important members of the central leadership on China’s ethno-nation and the ethno-national issues, the collective wisdom of Chinese Communists, and has been proved scientific theories by the actual ethnic working practice.The social causes can be generalized in four aspects:the life-and-death crisis ever facing the Chinese people as its historical background, the Oriental culture and Western culture intertwined collision as its ideological basis, the ever growing proletarian forces as its class basis, and the national independence and liberation movement as its practice power. Its theory and practice origins can be traced to:the fertile soil of Chinese traditional thoughts in ethno-national issues, the seed of Marxism-Leninism outlooks on ethno-nation, the lessons learnt from mistakes in managing the ethno-national issues. And the certification platform of the long-term ethno-nation working practice. And the historical process of its formation and development can be divided into four stages:brewing, start-up, established and mature.The ethno-national outlooks of Marxism-Leninism originated from the basic and fundamental ideas of the Marxist classical writers like Marx. Engels, Lenin, Stalin. And they functioned as the excellent seed for the Chinization of Marxist ethno-national outlooks. Based on the previous studies and the Marxist outlooks, Stalin gave his first definition on the term Nation-, a stable community of people formed in the course of history, who share the same language, territory, economic life and the same psychological qualities under the same cultural background as well. The ethno-national issues arise in accordance with the coming into being and existence of an ethnic and are originated from class exploitation and oppression. In the era of proletarian revolution, the ethno-national issues were a part of the general problem of social revolution. The proletariat and the oppressed peoples around the world being united to eliminate oppressive system of private ownership and exploitation, to achieve national liberation constitute the conditions and basis to solving the national problem. The ethnic minority regional autonomy under the premise of a single system of the Republic is its ideal form of political structure, while federalism is only a transitional form. We should always adhere to the national self-determination, national equality, national unity principles, and then based on these principles, make various national ethnic policies adapted to the situations of the particular ethnic group, so as to adjust ethnic relations, promote ethnic development, reduce the ethnic gap and achieve common prosperity. Only by these ways, can the ethno-national issues be effectively solved.This section, the most important part in this dissertation, is on the content interpretation of Chinized Marxist ethno-national outlooks, which mainly introduce the former Central Leading Groups’perspectives and views on ethno-nation and the ethno-national issues. They include:connotation and denotation analysis of ethno-nation and the ethno-national issues guided by Marxist national outlooks and combined with China’s national reality, a comprehensive description of national identity, the Chinese nation awareness and the Six Characteristics of ethno-national issues, substance and manifestations of ethno-national issues; regional ethnic autonomy being the political structure in solving China’s ethno-national issues; the discussions and illustrations on ethnic relations, ethnic development, ethnic culture, ethnic security and other issues related, in particular, the analysis of the ethnic relations and national development issues in China in its primary stage of socialism. To manage our country’s ethno-national issues, the guiding principles like ethnic autonomy, ethnic equality, national unity and common prosperity of all nationalities should be adhered to, and the national policies made in line with China’s national realities. In practice, the national programming policies should be implemented conscientiously, the traditional national relations of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmonious relationships constantly consolidated and developed, so as to further promote ethno-national development and to reach the ultimate goal of the common prosperity of all ethnio-nation. In a word, developing the nationality with Chinese characteristics and characteristics of various ethno-nations are the fundamental way to managing China’ethno-nation issues. The Chinized Marxist outlooks on ethno-nation are riched in philosophy, rich and profound in its ideas, shine and demonstrate the wisdom of the Communist Party of China. And the purposes in summarizing the logic in them are to spread its main experience, to understand its historical position and to grasp its basic rules. The main features of Chinese Marxist view of ethno-nation and ethno-national issues can be generalized into Five Unities: unity of inheritance and innovation, the unity of historical and realistic, phased and systematic unity, the unity of theory and practice, science and the unity of humanity. In practicing the Chinized Marxist outlooks on ethno-nation, the following principles should be stuck to:the leadership of Communist Party of China at any time, the combination of Marxist outlooks on ethno-nation with the reality of Chinese nationality, the improvement of the system of regional ethnic autonomy, focus on the development of productive forces to promote both the economic and social development of the ethnic and ethnic areas, and the last principle, effective and conscientious implementation of the Party and country’s national programs and policies. To conclude, the Chinized Marxist outlooks on ethno-nation have enriched and improved the content of Chinese Marxism, inherited and developed the Marxist theory of ethno-national perspectives, and enriched and expanded the content of the theory of scientific socialism.更多还原