【作者】 高纪洋；

【导师】 张朋川；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文以中国古代器皿造型样式为研究对象，论述了它的发展概况及规律。样式是器皿造型设计中的一个重要问题，在中国古代广泛存在。在一定地域或时代，出现一定数量造型相似的器皿，明显不同于其它器皿造型，它们所具备的群体特征，即可视为一种造型样式。样式对中国古代器皿来说，是造型保持一定稳定性的重要因素，也是维持较高艺术水平和使用价值的有力保障。本论文主要由四个章节组成。第一章根据中国古代器皿造型样式系统的宏观发展情况，按其体系框架建构过程分为六大阶段：萌生与兴起（新石器时代）、礼器化（夏商至西周）、实用化和趋向统一（春秋至秦汉）、多元与交融（汉末至隋唐）、农牧民族的整合（五代至元）、成熟和定型（明清）。通过对以上六个时期发展状况的分析，总结出中国古代器皿以中原汉族造型样式为中心、不断整合少数民族及外来造型样式的过程。第二章分析造型样式与相关因素的内在逻辑关系。实用功能决定其基本形态、限定其变化范围、推动其不断完善。政治因素对礼器及高层次器皿造型影响很大、作坊性质使其造型样式分化明显，合作与传承方式、器皿商品属性等均对造型样式有一定影响。工艺技术的提高会推动器皿造型样式的面貌革新，造就相应的造型样式。思想文化是相应器皿造型样式产生的人文背景。宗教是器皿造型样式传播与改变的一股重要影响力量。器皿造型样式在特定起居方式和生活习俗中产生并延续。第三章为古代器皿造型样式的产生、记录、传播与变革，主要是厘清古代器皿造型样式的衍生途径、记录及其传播、交流方式。衍生途径主要包括模仿借鉴事物形象、增减附件、整体或局部的形体变异、组合拼接。图文记录与研究主要有官方图文记录，文人金石学图文记录。器皿造型样式的交流与融合，主要包括对国内各族和外国、不同材质器皿间的纵向、横向转移。第四章主要选取无附件为主型的碗和有附件为主型的壶两类器皿，对中国古代器皿造型样式谱系进行案例分析。以两大最为常见的器皿作为代表，总结其主体与附件部分造型样式的演变轨迹，及其与各种相关因素之间的逻辑关系，并建立了一系列的谱系图。总之，中国古代器皿作为中华文明大格局之下的一种物质文明，其造型样式的变化既难以摆脱这一母体的影响，又具备器皿造型样式发展的独特规律性。中国古代器皿是中华文化的一种物质载体，是中华文明演进的大历史环境的产物。中华文明多元一体的结构和一脉相承的框架，决定了这两点也是中国古代器皿造型样式最根本的总体特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis studies on the style of ancient Chinese utensils and discusses its progress and therules therein. In ancient China, style is one of the important issues in the modeling design of utensils.In certain region or era, while a group of utensils have similar styles but much different than theothers, this group can be regarded as a specific style with their common characteristic. For ancientChinese utensils, style is an important factor retaining the modeling design and the importantguarantee maintaining the artistic merit and value in use as well. This thesis consists of fourchapters.According to the situation in which the style category of ancient Chinese utensils had macrodevelopment and based on the construction of framework, the first chapter is divided into six mainphases: initiation and rise (Neolithic Age), sacrificial vessel (Xia, Shang and the Western Zhoudynasties), applicability and trend of unity (from the Spring and Autumn to Qin And Han Empire),diversification and mixture (from Late Han Dynasty to Sui and Tang dynasty), combination offarming and grazing nations (from the Five Dynasties to Yuan Dynasty) and maturity andfinalization (Ming and Qing dynasties). Through the analysis of above six-phase developmentsituation, this thesis concludes the progress that ancient Chinese utensils referred to the style ofCentral Plains Han and integrated the ethnic and foreign styles ceaselessly.The second chapter analyzes the inherent logical relationship between style and its correlativefactors. The applicability determines the archetype of ancient Chinese utensils, limits their variationand pushes forward their continuous improvement. The political factors exert a tremendousinfluence on the sacrificial vessels and high-graded utensils; the workshop production muchdiversifies their styles; also the patterns of cooperation and succession as well as the productattribute of utensil have a certain impact on style. The raise of technology will push the innovation ofstyles, and meanwhile contribute to different styles; the ideology represents the cultural backgroundtoward a certain utensil style; religion significantly influences the diffusion and change of utensilstyle. A utensil style comes into being and stretches in the specific daily life and customs.The third chapter describes the production, record, diffusion and revolution of ancient utensilstyles, especially clarifies their derivation, record, diffusion and exchanges. The derivation contains the imitation or example on images, adjustment of adjuncts, total or partial structure variation andsplicing. The literal / graphic records and studies are mainly about the official literal / graphicrecords and epigraphic records by the scholars. The exchange and integration of utensil stylesinclude the vertical and horizontal transfers in plenty of materials across China and the world.The fourth chapter specially selects two types of utensils–bowls without adjuncts and potswith adjuncts, to make case analysis on the styles and pedigrees of ancient Chinese utensils. Basedon the two of the most common utensils, this chapter summarizes the style evolution of the totalstructures and adjuncts, as well as the logical relationship between each correlative factor, and alsoestablishes a series of pedigree charts.In short, as a material civilization in all Chinese civilization patterns, the ancient Chineseutensils can difficultly change their styles by surrendering the primary form, but are symbolized theunique regularity of utensil style development. Ancient Chinese utensils belong to a material carrierof Chinese culture and are also the products throughout the evolutionary history of Chinesecivilization. Moreover, the“Unity in Diversity”structure and interconnection framework alsodetermine the primordial general characteristic of ancient Chinese utensil styles.更多还原