【作者】 付飞；

【导师】 董靓；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 景观工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 河流作为重要的资源和环境载体,关系到城市的生存安全,影响着城市的发展。近年来城市化不断发展,发展经济与保护河流生态环境的矛盾日益凸显,在这样的背景下,实现河流生态环境的可持续发展日渐成为世界各国普遍关注的重要议题。着眼于河流景观规划研究,涌现了大量有关河流生态环境建设、水质控制保护及生态修复方面的研究理论。通过深入调研分析和大量的文献资料研究,可以发现国内外对河流景观规划的研究以定性研究居多,定量研究较少,且主要集中在河流生态环境中人对河流生态环境的需求,以及水生态环境的工程修复与技术控制等方面；而对于经济发展对河流生态环境的促进作用和生态环境对城市经济的支撑作用以及实现两者平衡等方面的研究则较为薄弱,且缺乏系统性、生态性和发展性的河流景观规划研究方法。本文力求融合生态系统论、深层整体生态观、景观生态学理论和可持续发展理论等理论知识,通过借鉴国内外的研究成果,提出了河流景观规划研究在区域生态环境中的可持续发展方向,在生态安全、污染控制、河流景观生态格局等方面进行综合研究,并结合相应的区域生态环境质量评价、河流环境污染评价、景观格局指数评价等多种定性和定量评价方法,为确立河流景观规划生态调控策略提供研究方法及技术方法依据。本文的创新之处在于：第一,以区域生态环境评价为宏观导向,拓展河流景观规划研究尺度。在宏观尺度下将河流景观作为区域生态环境中的一个要素,通过区域生态环境评价,评价河流景观这一要素与区域其他要素的相互影响关系,形成基于区域生态环境和河流污染控制分析的生态功能区划,拓展了河流景观规划研究尺度,充实了区域生态功能区划的内涵。第二,基于区域生态环境评价的生态功能区划,提出河流景观规划生态调控和策略的研究方法。以区域生态环境可持续分析评价和区域河流污染控制分析为定量研究基础,结合生态系统类型和生态服务功能等方面进行区域生态功能区划,提出了区域尺度下河流景观规划的重点生态调控的研究方法。河流景观规划生态调控方向指导了不同生态功能区内河流景观规划策略研究方向。策略研究方向可指导基于不同生态功能区环境优劣特征的河流景观生态导向的重点策略内容研究。第三,利用数字高程三维模型,进行河流景观敏感区域生态安全规划策略研究。河流景观开发生态安全性分析研究,采用组件式GIS技术构建数字高程模型及水文分析模型,对其地形坡度、汇流等评定因子的有效性和关联性进行定量的分析评价,评价结果对河岸地质灾害孕育区的维育控制措施和建设场址的受威胁范围、安全避让范围及生态范围的安全规划策略均有重要的指导意义。规划策略研究由传统的二维平面分析上升到基于三维地形、水文空间分析的河流景区开发生态安全规划策略,其立体规划分析具有“三维”特点和生态环境可持续发展特征,强度关键性的生态敏感地、缓冲区得到应有维护。基于生态安全性考虑的河流景观分析,随着GIS技术的引入和推演,将较大的促进河岸生态性土地可持续利用的不断发展,这种应用也将更加广泛。第四,针对生态功能区划下生态经济控制开发区,结合案例生态产业经济增长方向,贯穿政府需求、公众参与,进行河流景观规划生态产业发展下的河流控污与保护修复策略研究。同时强调水环境的治理工程技术,解析河流生态修复技术及对应的实践工程案例,以供参考、选择。第五,基于景观生态学原理和景观格局指数定量分析,进行城市段河流景观格局规划研究。首先,对整体河流廊道空间格局进行拓扑化分析,提出基于景观生态学原理的河流廊道网络空间特征分析研究方法,并提出对应的生态优化策略。其次,通过GIS软件和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS的运用,将包含地理信息属性的图像数据转换为河流景观格局指数运算需求的数据,尝试进行生态斑块级别和类型斑块级别的景观格局指数研究。通过景观格局指数的生态表征敏感性的探讨和河流景观格局指数与生态效应的关联性分析,提出河流景观生态格局优化策略。最后,通过定量分析评价得到的河流景观生态优化策略将是河流景观规划生态设计导向的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 As important resources and environmental vectors, the rivers concern the cities’existence, safety, and development. In recent years, with the booming urbanization, the conflicts between economy development and river eco-environmental protection have become increasingly sharpen. With this background, the realization of the sustainable development of the river eco-environment has become an important world issue of common concern. Based on the river landscape planning studies, there are a large number of research theories about river eco-environment construction, water quality control and protection, and ecosystem restoration. Through in-depth investigation and extensive literature research, it is found that most studies about the river landscape planning are qualitative, and few of them are quantitative. And these studies are mainly about the design of the human needs for river eco-environment, restoration of water eco-environmental engineering, technical control and so on; however, there are few studies on promotion of the economic development to the river eco-environment and supporting of the eco-environment to the urban economy, as well as how to realize the balance between the two issues mentioned above. And systematic, ecological and developmental river landscape planning and design methods are in shortage.This paper aims to integrate the theoretical knowledge of ecological systems theory, overall in-depth ecological view, landscape ecological theory, sustainable development theory and other theories. By referring to the research results of home and abroad, a sustainable development direction of the regional ecological environment in the river landscape planning is carried out. It is a comprehensive study of ecological safety, pollution control, and river landscape ecological patterns. It also combines the quantitative evaluation methods of appropriate regional eco-environmental quality evaluation methods, water pollution assessment, and landscape indices qualitative evaluation, providing the technical basis for reaching the goals of river ecological landscape planning.The innovations of this paper are as follows:First, it is macro-oriented by regional ecological environment evaluation to expand the research-scale of the river landscape planning. The river landscape becomes a regional eco-environment factor in the macro-scale. Through the regional ecological environment evaluation, the interactions between the factor of river landscape and other regional factors are evaluated. Ecological function zonings are formed based on regional eco-environment and ecological analysis of river pollution control. It expands the scale of the river landscape planning and enriches the regional eco-environmental function zoning implications.Second, based on the evaluation of regional ecological environment functional zoning, it proposes research methods of ecological control and policy of landscape planning. Based on the quantitative research of regional eco-environment sustainable analysis evaluation and regional river pollution control analysis, combining the eco-system types and eco-service functions to do the regional eco-environmental function zoning, it proposes key ecological control research methods of river landscape planning in the regional scale. The direction of the river landscape planning’s ecological control guides the strategy research direction of river landscape planning in different ecological functional zonings. Strategy research can direct river landscape ecology guided key strategy content research based on environment’s merits of different ecological functional zongings.Third, it does strategy research of the river landscape sensitive area’s ecological safety planning by using digital elevation three-dimensional model. The ecological safety analysis research of river landscape development does quantitative analysis and evaluation of the assessment factors’validity and relevance such as its terrain slope, convergence and so on, by using component-based GIS technology to build digital elevation models and hydrological analysis models. The evaluation results have important guiding significance to both the control measures of riparian zone-dimensional geological hazards and the safety planning of threat range, safe avoidance range as well as ecological range in the construction site. The planning strategies develop from the traditional two-dimensional analysis to safety planning strategies of the river landscape area development based on three-dimensional topography and hydrology spatial analysis. The three-dimensional analysis of planning has three-dimensional features and characteristics of ecological environment’s sustainable development. The key strength of ecologically sensitive land and the buffer should be maintained. The river landscape analysis, based on considerations of ecological safety, will make greater promotion of the development of the river ecological land’s sustainable usage, with the introduction of GIS technology and the deduction. This application will become more widespread.Forth, it, combining with the case of eco-industrial economic growth direction, the government needs and public participation, does strategy research of the river pollution control and conversational restoration in the development of river landscape planning’s ecological industry, focusing on the eco-environmental functional zonings’eco-economy controlled zones. At the same time, it stressed the governance engineering technologies of water environment, analysis the river ecological restoration technologies as well as corresponding practical project cases for references and choices.Fifth, it does research about the urban river landscape pattern planning based on the landscape ecology principles and quantitative analysis of landscape pattern indices. First and foremost, it does topology analysis of the overall river corridor spatial patterns, proposes analysis research methods of the river corridors’network special characteristics based on the landscape ecology principles and corresponding ecological optimization strategies. Besides, by using the GIS software and landscape pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS, it turns the image data containing geographic information into the data needed by river landscape indices calculating. It tries to do research of the landscape pattern indices’levels of ecological plaque and type plaque. It proposes the river landscape ecological optimization strategies by landscape pattern indices’ecological Characterization sensitivity and correlation analysis of landscape pattern indices and ecological effects. Finally, it obtains that the river landscape ecology optimization strategies are the ecological design-oriented basis of river landscape planning through quantitative analysis.更多还原