【作者】 刘康凯；

【导师】 刘锋杰；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 文艺学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 文学真实问题是文学理论的重要论域，几乎从文学理论甫一诞生的时候起，“真实”与否就成为对文学加以评判的最重要标准之一。在中西文论史上，也形成了种种关于关于文学真实的观念。本文认为，对这些观念加以研究非常必要，因为这此观念关涉到对文学之本质的理解。本文采取以点带面的方式，对中国现代文论史上的文学真实观念进行了一番考察，分析这些观念的具体特征，探讨它们的形成原因，揭示它们在不同时代的发展轨迹及其规律。在第一章，本文首先通过概念分析和文化人类学角度的考察，对中西文化中的真实观念进行探讨。其次，以西方文学观念史为例，探讨文学真实观念的不同形态，同时也为理解中国现代文学真实观念的发生和形成提供一个西方背景。第二章专章考察了中国传统文学真实观念的思想基础和历史发展情况。本文借用道家和儒家的“真论”与“诚论”概念对中国传统文学真实论加以概括，认为“真论”与“诚论”是中国传统文学真实论的两种基本观念型态，它们分别以中国道家和儒家思想为基础，它们之间对抗与融合的互动关系主导了中国传统文学真实论的基本历史面貌。本章通过对中国传统文学“真论”与“诚论”的考察，为理解中国现代文学真实观念与中国传统文论之间的深层关系提供了一个历史背景。第三章从晚清时期开始，考察中国现代文学真实观念的发生情况，本章选取梁启超、王国维、早期鲁迅为个案，分析他们的文学真实观念中源于中国与西方、传统与现代的各种观念如何在一起冲突与融合，以及他的文学真实观念在哪些方面、在何种程度上体现出了现代性。第四章考察五四时期现代文学真实观念的确立与演变。首先分析晚清以降的语言变革与现代文学真实观念形成之间的关系，其次探讨五四时期的科学主义思潮、对写实主义的热衷及其与当时的文学真实观念之间的关系，最后考察在革命文学论争时期，革命文学理论的文学真实观念，探讨其形成与社会状况、时代思潮之间的关系。第五章考察三十年代文学真实论的概貌，分别从左翼文学阵营和自由主义文学阵营透视那个年代文学真实论域的分裂以及这种分裂的原因。此外，本章还专门分析了晚年鲁迅的文学真实观念，展示一个具有独立精神的思想家和作家对文学的独立思考。第六章考察了从抗战爆发到四十年代末这个历史时期的文学真实观念。本章首先分析毛泽东的《讲话》及其阐释者的文论观念，探讨文学真实观念在政治权力话语支配下的变异与影响；其次分析以胡风为首的七月派文论思想，比较其在文学真实观念上与左翼正统派之间的差异，以及这些差异意义、原因和历史影响；最后以张爱玲为个案，试图通过对她的文学观念、由她所引发的文学论争的梳理与分析，揭示出在四十年代的文学观念场域中，不同文学真实话语之间的碰撞与冲突，及其给我们的启示。本文认为，文学是基于经验的审美形式，表达经验性真实，是文学审美的内在要求；文学也需要理性的参与，理性可以防止文学经验书写的流荡和泛滥；也可以有助于文学表现人类生命的超越性梦想，传达出关于世界与生命的更高的真实。对于文学来说，经验与理性并不矛盾，在理想的状态下，他们能够相得益彰，有助于文学真实更好的传达。但是当理性僭越自身的界限而强制文学表达更多的理性真实时，文学就沦为虚伪意识的傀儡。更多还原

【Abstract】 Literary Truth is a important reasearch area of literary theory, the problem existed as the literaturecome to the world and it is always taken as a principle of literariness judgment. In Chinese and westernhistory of literary, it has formed a variety conceptions of truth. This paper insists that research of theseconceptions is very necessary, because it relates to the understanding of the essence of literature. Thispaper takes the way that put a case as a sample and expands to others to investigate the truth conceptionof modern Chinese literary history, analysis of the specific characteristics of these conceptions,discusses their formation reasons and reveals them in different periods and the development track of thelaw.In The first chapter, this paper discusses the conceptions of truth in Chinese and western historythrough the conceptual analysis and the examination of cultural perspective. This paper argues that,although literary truth is different from average truth, there is a close connection between them;Secondly, taking the western history of literary conceptions as an example, this paper discusses thedifferent forms of literary truth conceptions, it can also help to understand the western background forthe formation and the development of the modern Chinese literature.The second chapter studies the ideological basis and the historical development of Chinese literaryhistory. This paper takes advantage of the ‘truth theory’ of Taoism and the ‘sincerity theory’ ofConfucianism to conclude the of the literary truth theory of traditional Chinese. Through theinvestigation to "truth theory" and "sincerity theory" of the Chinese traditional literature, the paperprovides a historical background for of Chinese modern literary truth and the deep relationship oftraditional Chinese literary theories.The third chapter mainly for the late Qing dynasty, to investigate the of modern Chinese literarytruth conceptions. It selects Wang guowei, Liang qichao and Lu xun as three cases to study, for theanalysis of the meaning of literary conceptions, to reveal its all kinds reasons that how to conflict andintegration, and study them in all aspects, that in what ways they express their modernity. The fourth chapter is divided into three parts to inspect the literature of May Fourth movement..The first part deal with the language change in late Qing dynasty and the formatiom of literary thuthconcecptions. the second part explores the relation of scientism of May4movement, realism trends andliterary thuth conceptions,The third part investigates revolution literature debate and discussion of theformation and social status.The fifth chapter focuses on the main phenomenon of literary truth theory from both the left-wingliterature camp and the liberal literature camp as well in1930s’. In addition, the chapter also specializedin the literature analysis of Lu Xun’s literary truth conception, to show that a independent thinker andwriter’s thinking of literature.The six Chapter concerns with truth theory from the beginning of Anti-Japanese War to the end of1940s.First,It analyses "the speech" of Mao Zedong, discusses the variation and influence of literarytruth theory controled by political ideology.Second,It analyses the July school’s literarythoughts,contrasts it’s conception of literary truth with that of the Orthodox school.Last,It analyses theconception of literary truth of Eileen Chang and the literary controversy caused her,to reveal thecoflicts between different literary discause and it’s revelation for us.This paper insists that literature is a certain aesthetic form based on experience, expressingempirical truth is the inherent requirement of the literary aesthetic. Literature also need reason, reasoncan prevent literature writing far from the subject. It can also help literature to describe dream of humanlife.,and conveys the world and life about higher truth. For literature, experience and reason is notcontradictory, in an ideal state, they can bring out the best in each other, help to express the literary truthbetter. But when the reason trespass its own boundaries and forced literature to express more rationaltruth, literature will become the puppet of some false consciousness.更多还原