【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 乔凤杰；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 皮划艇激流回旋项目（以下简称激流回旋）是一项技术性强、自我心理控制能力强的竞速体育项目。目前，该项目在欧、美等激流回旋强国的发展均是松散型发展模式，尚没有形成系统、完善的训练理论体系。这为中国快速发展此项目，并在国际大赛上争取优异成绩，提供了巨大的发展空间和机遇。因此，这正是本研究的出发点和立足点。本文通过文献法、问卷调查法、田野调查法、逻辑分析法、系统分析法、数理统计法对国内外优秀激流回旋运动员的竞技能力和训练方法进行研究，以期透过专项竞技能力的实战需要，找出目前训练中存在的问题和提供解决问题的训练方法，为皮划艇激流回旋运动员和中国国家激流回旋队的训练提供理论支撑和实践帮助。最终，推进我国运动员竞技能力和竞技水平的快速提高，实现中国激流回旋项目奥运会成绩的突破。研究得出以下结果:一、“认知能力”是决定激流回旋运动员训练的有效性和竞技水平快速提高的根本因素。二、对项目本质规律的认知能力、强大的专项体能、娴熟的专项技术、合理的战术安排、良好的自我心理调控能力是激流回旋运动员竞技能力的主要构成因素。三、运动员综合竞技能力的整合训练与协调发展是运动员竞技水平稳定发挥和取得比赛优胜的根本保障，在高水平训练阶段应加强训练的“系统性”安排，进而保障运动员综合竞技能力的整体发展。四、激流回旋项目的制胜核心要素是：“适、正、准、圆、敏、快”，即：划行线路的选择和技战术的安排，必须适合自身能力特点和技术特点；划行时，身体努力保持中正（目的是保持有效动作姿态和保持船平）；划行线路、插桨位置准确（能控制船头朝向，进而有效借助水流）；划行线路圆滑、流畅；技术动作敏捷、果断、到位（划桨坚决果断、力度到位）；强化速度意识，保持船艇快速行进；其中：“快”是核心点和落脚点，是上位要素；“适、正、准、圆、敏”是“快”的下位要素。五、我国与世界优秀运动员相比，在专项技术能力方面仍存在明显差距；也是目前竞赛成绩落后的主要原因。六、功能训练是激流回旋运动员专项体能快速提高的重要训练手段。七、激流回旋运动员在青少年基础训练阶段应加强“专项基础能力”（即：规范的基本划船技术、基础有氧耐力、平衡协调能力）的训练。八、在日常训练、生活和比赛实战中，注重培养和锻炼运动员的自信心、意志力、抗压心理和自我心态控制力，是保证我国激流回旋运动员比赛时稳定发挥和创造优异成绩的重要环节。九、国际激流回旋项目的发展现状和特点，为我国激流回旋项目提供了快速发展的空间和快速赶超国外优秀选手的条件和机遇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Canoe slalom（slalom）is a speed sport demand highly technique and strongly psychology self-control.Meanwhile, the development modes of the western are loose, not form complete training and theorysystems. It is provide a huge development space and opportunities of China’s rapid developing, and reachthe excellent results. Therefore, this is what the starting point and the foothold. This work researchedinternational and Chinese slalom athlete’s sport abilities and training methods by literature investigation,questionnaire investigation, logical analysis, system analysis, and mathematical statistics, as to improvingthe know more the nature and training discipline of slalom, and find more the problems from training,providing reference and helping for slalom training. At last, it realize the aim improving the racing abilitiesquickly and better results in Olympic games.Research that the results as follow:一．"Cognitive ability" is the decision of the slalom athletes effectiveness of training and competitivelevel increased rapidly.二．The main constitute factors of slalom athletes’ competitive abilities are cognitiveability of essential rule, powerful slalom physical, adept slalom technique, reasonable strategy, goodpsychological control ability.三．The comprehensive competitive ability of the integration of athletes training and the coordinateddevelopment are the fundamental guarantee athletes’ competition play steadily and win the race. In the toptraining phase, it should strengthen the "system training" and ensure overall development athletes’comprehensive race ability.四．The core factors dominate the races are ‘appropriate’,‘center of gravity’,‘exact’,‘around’,‘resolute’,‘fast’.‘appropriate’ means that the option of the paddling line and the arrangement of stragetymust according the self-technique characteristic;“middle” means the weigh in the middle （the goals arekeep the boat flat and body position);“exact” meansthe line and stroke point exactly （control the directionof boat keep using the water well);“around” means keep the line slide;“resolute” action well （stoke decisivsuite, right power);“fast” means the boat fast going. Thereinto,"fast" is the core and foothold."Exact, flat, resolute, around" are base on the "fast".五．Compare with international high level athletes, there are obvious slalom technique gap betweenChinese high level athletes with others, and are the main reasons of falling behind.六．Core power training is one important training method improve rapidly slalom athletes’ physical.七．For slalom athletes, in teen-agers phase, it should improved "slalom basic ability"(standardslalom technique, basic aerobic endurance, balanced capacity) training.八．In the daily training, living and race, it should be pay attention to develop and exercise theathletes’ abilities of confidence, willpower, resist compression and self-mind control. They are the key linkof expressing the good and stable performance in the race.九．The current situation and characteristic of international slalom provide the development space ofdeveloping rapidly, and the opportunity of catching up with and surpass the international top athletes.更多还原