【作者】 马荣；

【导师】 范健；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 经济法， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 商事侵权责任是侵权法体系的重要组成部分,也是商法体系的重要组成部分。商事侵权责任作为寄生并脱胎于传统民事侵权责任的新的侵权责任制度,在人类社会完成从前工业社会向现代工业社会转变的进程中扮演了非常重要且不可或缺的角色。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的发展,建立我国商事侵权责任制度,已成为我国社会经济发展的必然要求。本文通过对商事侵权责任的考察和分析,深入论证了商事侵权责任独立于传统民事侵权责任存在的价值,并对构建商事侵权责任的基本体系进行了初步探讨。全文共分五章,首先从商事侵权责任的相关概念入手,考察了商事侵权责任的演进和发展历程,阐释了商事侵权责任的独立存在的价值,然后沿着与传统民事侵权责任进行比较研究的路径,对商事侵权责任的归责原则、构成要件、表现形态、承担方式和赔偿范围进行了深入分析,进而在分析商事侵权责任与民事侵权责任诸多不同特征的基础上,进一步论证了商事侵权责任的独立价值。第一章为“商事侵权责任概述”。该章从商事侵权责任的相关概念入手,考察了商事侵权责任的演进和发展历程,指出商事侵权责任是侵权责任制度从传统向现代发展的重要产物,在侵权性质、侵权主体、归责原则和侵权责任等方面体现着不同于民事侵权责任的特殊性,还具有保障交易安全、促进交易效率和强调预防功能的商法价值理念,因此,商事侵权责任具有独立存在的价值。第二章为“商事侵权责任的归责原则”。该章根据商事侵权责任自身的功能和特点,论证了商事侵权责任在归责原则上区别于传统民事侵权责任的特殊性,指出商事侵权责任的归责原则呈现多元化的体系特征,其中：过错责任原则依然处于核心地位,但在商事侵权中更多地出现过错的客观化归责的倾向和特征,更强调商主体在履行其职责时负有合理的注意义务,更注重过错判断的标准化；过错推定原则从过错责任原则中分离出来,成为一项独立的过错推定原则；无过错责任原则在商事侵权领域的地位也明显高于民事侵权领域,而且更多地体现出英美法中严格责任的特征。而公平责任原则在商事侵权领域不再成为独立的归责原则。第三章为“商事侵权行为的常见类型”。该章论述了商事侵权责任构成要件中的违法行为要件。通过概念阐释和案例论证相结合的方法,具体分析了商事侵权中常见的一般商事侵权、公司领域侵权、证券领域侵权、票据领域侵权和知识产权领域侵权等五类17种违法行为类型,对商事侵权行为进行了类型化研究。第四章为“商事侵权的损害结果和因果关系”。该章论述了商事侵权责任构成要件中的损害事实和因果关系要件。首先,论述了商事侵权损害的客体是商事经营利益,通过对商事立法条文的梳理,用列表对照的方法将商事侵权损害的六种财产性经营利益损害和两种人格性经营利益损害进行了类型化分析研究;然后,分析了商事侵权因果关系的结构,指出应将商事侵权的因果关系分为事实因果关系和法律因果关系,通过相关案例对因果关系的判断进行了阐释,并对商事侵权因果关系的证明和相当因果关系进行了论述。第五章为“商事侵权责任的承担方式和赔偿范围”。首先,该章论述了商事侵权责任不同于传统民事侵权责任的表现形态,指出民事侵权责任表现形态是以自己责任、单方责任和单独责任为主,而在商事侵权责任中,替代责任、连带责任和补充责任的比例要大大超过传统民事侵权责任；然后,论述了商事侵权责任承担方式的特点,指出最能体现商事侵权责任制度功能和特征的,除了传统的金钱赔偿责任方式外,还有惩罚性赔偿、定额赔偿、公司归入权、缺陷产品召回等新型责任方式；最后,论述了商事侵权责任的赔偿范围包括所受损害、所失利益和纯粹经济上损失,通过对五年间《最高人民法院公报》公布的商事侵权案例的分析,对侵权损害的认定、范围赔偿以及损失计算进行了类型化比较研究。结语部分对本文在构建商事侵权责任体系方面提出的创新观点进行了归纳小结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Commercial Tort Liability is an important part of the tort law system and is also an important part of the Commercial Law System. Commercial Tort Liability, as a new tort system, which is parasitic and born out of the traditional tort liability, has played a very important and indispensable role in the course of human society transformation from the pre-industrial society to a modern industrial society. With the development of China’s socialist market economic system, the establishment of commercial tort liability system has become an inevitable requirement of the social and economic development in China.The existing value of the commercial tort liability independent of the traditional civil tort liability has been demonstrated through a deep investigation and analysis of the commercial tort liability. And construction of the basic system of commercial tort liability has been discussed. The paper is divided into five chapters. First of all, start from the related concept of Commercial Tort Liability, the evolution and development process of Commercial Tort Liability have been studied, the value of the independent existence of the Commercial Tort Liability has been illustrated; then along with the path of a comparative study on the traditional tort liability, an in-depth analysis of principle, elements, manifestation, ways to undertake and the scope of compensation of the Commercial Tort Liability has been made; and then on the basis of the analysis of many different characteristics of Commercial Tort Liability and civil tort liability, the independent value of the Commercial Tort Liability has been further demonstrated; Finally, the legislative proposals for the establishment of China’s Commercial tort liability system have been put forward.The first chapter is a general overview of "Commercial Tort Liability". Start from the related concept of Commercial Tort Liability, the evolution and development process of Commercial tort liability has been studied; it is stated that the commercial tort liability is an important product of the tort liability system developed from the traditional to the modern. The particularity of the commercial tort liability has been embodied in the infringing nature, the tort subject, and liability principle and tort liability different from those of the Tort Liability with the concept of value of commercial law of safe transaction, fast transaction efficiency and emphasis on prevention function. Therefore, commercial tort liability has had the value of independent existence.The second chapter is "liability principle of Commercial Tort Liability". According to the functions and features of the Commercial Tort Liability, the particularity of the commercial tort liability different from the tradition has been demonstrated in this chapter. It has been pointed out that the liability principle of the commercial tort liability presents a diversified system characteristic. Among them:the principle of fault liability is still at the core. But in the commercial tort more blame on the tendency of the features of the fault objective, more emphasis on business subject in performing his duties for the reasonable duty, more attention to the standardization of fault judgment; Fault-presuming principle separated from the fault liability principle, has become a separate fault-presuming principle; No fault liability principle also has been significantly higher than the civil tort field in the commercial position, and the characteristics of strict liability have been more reflected in common law. And fair principle of liability in the field of commercial tort liability is no longer an independent liability principle.The third chapter is "common types of commercial tort liability". The chapter has discussed the violations elements in the elements of the Commercial Tort Liability. By the method of combining the concept of interpretation and case demonstration, specific analysis of general commercial tort, the company tort, securities tort, the bill tort and intellectual property tort in the commercial tort liability and17kinds of violations types have been made. Typical research has been made on the commercial tort behavior.The fourth chapter is the "commercial tort damage results and causality". The chapter has discussed the elements of the damage results and causality in the Commercial Tort Liability. Firstly, the statement of the object of commercial tort being the commercial business interest has been discoursed.6kinds of property damage of business interests and2kinds of damage of personhood business interests have been typically analyzed by combing the legislative provisions of the commercial matters and list of control methods; then the structure of the commercial causation has been analyzed and pointed out that the causal relationship of the commercial tort liability can be divided into the fact causality and the legal causal relationship. The judgment of the relevant cases on the causal relationship has been explained and the proof and causal relationship of commercial liability has been discussed.The fifth chapter is "ways to undertake and the scope of compensation of the Commercial Tort Liability". First of all, the chapter has discussed the manifestation of the commercial tort liability which is different from the traditional tort liability. The civil tort liability manifestations are mainly their own responsibility, unilateral responsibility and the sole responsibility. While in Commercial tort liability, vicarious liability, jointly liability, and the proportion of the additional responsibility are much more than the traditional tort liability; And then the chapter has discussed the characteristics of the ways to undertake of the Commercial tort liability, the best features and characteristics of the Commercial tort liability system can be embodied by the traditional way of pecuniary liability, as well as other new responsibility of punitive damages, the fixed compensation, disgorgement, defective product recall; finally, it has discussed the scope of compensation of commercial tort liability which include damage, loss of interest and purely economic loss. Tort identified, the scope of compensation and loss calculation has been typically discussed.The conclusion part has summarized the innovative ideas proposed building the tort liability system.更多还原