【作者】 王方；

【导师】 高新才；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 区域经济学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着全球范围内可持续发展研究的深入,人们逐渐认识到：人类的可持续发展必须建立在保护地球生命支持系统、维持自然资源的可持续性和维持生态系统服务功能的可持续性的基础上,也就是说,人类社会的可持续发展从根本上取决于资源环境以及生态系统及其服务的可持续性。因此,以自然资源价值和生态系统服务效益为核心的生态资产及其价值评估引起了世界各国的广泛关注,人们逐渐开始将生态资源定义为一种国家资产,即生态资产。自然保护区的建立是保护自然资源、物种多样性和生态环境的一项重要措施,然而,由于保护意识的淡薄和保护理论的缺失加上管理模式的落后,常常使许多人对自然保护区的作用并不了解,也不清楚应该采用何种模式对自然保护区的自然资源和生态环境进行有效地管理保护,以至于在行为选择上表现出极大的盲目性,并容易产生眼前利益与长远利益、局部利益和整体利益的冲突,与国家对生态环境保护的建设要求相悖。自然保护区内自然资源价值与生态系统服务效益价值是非常巨大的,也是其生物多样性贡献于人类福利的一个重要组成部分,保护区内的生态资产并不同于一般的资产形式,它是具有生命力的经济资源,如何从经济学、生态学和社会学的角度对自然保护区内生态资产的价值属性进行剖析,并运用科学的理论与方法加以评估,一直是当前资产评估领域亟待研究的重大课题。本研究就是在上述背景下,紧紧围绕生态资产价值评估这一难点问题,展开对祁连山自然保护区生态资产价值评估的研究。论文首先详细回顾了国内外有关生态资产价值评估的研究进展,并对其进行了述评：其次,系统阐述了有关生态资产价值的相关理论,并基于生态资产的特殊性,研究了生态资产价值的内涵和已有研究的价值分类体系,将祁连山自然保护区的生态资产价值分为直接使用价值、间接使用价值和非使用价值；再次,结合生态资产价值评估理论,对已有评估方法的应用范围和条件进行了对比分析,同时构建了祁连山自然保护区生态资产价值评估体系；最后,根据生态资产各类价值评估方法的方案选择,进行祁连山自然保护区生态资产价值的综合评估,从而提出其生态资产价值保值增值的对策建议。采用市场价值法、旅行费用法、费用支出法和机会成本法对祁连山自然保护区生态资产的直接使用价值进行了评估,主要包括直接实物价值(木材产品价值、非林产品价值)和直接非实物价值(科研价值、文化教育价值、旅游价值),评估结果表明,祁连山自然保护区生态资产的直接使用为0.6823亿元/a,其中直接实物价值为0.026亿元/a,直接非实物价值为0.656亿元/a。以祁连山自然保护区内森林生态系统服务功能作为其间接使用价值的评估对象,采用影子工程法、机会成本法、市场价值法和替代花费法对涵养水源、纳碳吐氧、保护土壤、有机物生产、净化空气和营养物质的循环与积累等6项服务功能进行了价值评估。评估结果为：祁连山自然保护区生态资产的间接使用总价值为1206.436亿元/a,其中涵养水源价值为1152.357亿元/a；固碳价值为15.026亿元/a；保护土壤价值为0.170亿元/a,有机物生产价值为1.959亿元/a；净化空气价值为34.591亿元/a；营养物质循环和养分积累价值为2.333亿元/a。采用条件价值法对祁连山自然保护区生态资产的非使用价值进行实地问卷调查评估,并对不同受访人群支付意愿的影响因素进行了多层级的统计分析与模型检验。结果表明,祁连山自然保护区生态资产的非使用总价值为0.490亿元/a,其中存在价值为0.293亿元/a,遗产价值为0.103亿元/a,选择价值为0.094亿元/a。祁连山自然保护区内生态资产的总价值为：1207.608亿元/a,结合该评估结果,作者对祁连山自然保护区生态资产总价值的构成、特征和价值趋势进行了分析研究,并对保护区内生态资产价值保值增值途径提出了相应的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the global sustainable development within the scope of the deepening of the research,people get to know:the sustainable development of the human must be based on protecting the earth life support systems of the biosphere, maintain the sustainable, maintain the natural resource sustainability and maintaining ecological service function of the system of the sustainability of basis, that is, the development of human society shameful fundamentally depends on the resources environment and ecological system and its service sustainability. Therefore, in natural resources and the ecological value system service benefit as the core of the ecological assets and their value evaluation caused worldwide attention, people gradually began to define tne ecological resources as a kind of national assets, that is, ecological assets.The establishment of nature reserves is to protect the natural resources, species diversity and the ecological environment of an important measures, however, due to the weak protection consciousness, the lack of protection theory and management mode of the backward, often make many people do not understand the role of nature reserves, it is not clear what kind of pattern should be used in nature reserves of natural resources and the ecological environment protection of effective management, so that in the affections of the great behavior choice blindness, and easy to produce immediate interests and long-term interests, the local interest and the overall benefit conflicts, and the state of ecological environment protection for construction of the personality. Natural protection area of natural resources and the ecological value system service benefit value is enormous, also is the biological diversity contribute to human welfare is an important part of the ecological asset protection zones unlike general assets form, it is vital economic resources, how from economics, ecology and sociology Angle to natural protection area ecological asset value attribute analysis and use of scientific theory and method to evaluate, always is the current assets evaluation field to be a very important problem.This study is in the background, the ecological asset valuation of the closely around the difficult problem, launched in qilian mountain nature reserve ecological asset value evaluation research. It firstly detailed reviews the ecological asset value evaluation research progress, and the review on the; Secondly, this paper expounds the ecological asset value related theory, and based on the particularity of ecological assets, and studies the connotation of ecological asset value and the value of the existing research classification system, qilian mountain nature reserve of the ecological asset value divided into direct use value, indirect use value and the nonuse value:Again, combined with ecological asset value evaluation theory, to have the application range of the evaluation methods and conditions for the contrast analysis, but also to build the qilian mountain nature reserve ecological asset value evaluation system; Finally, according to the ecological asset value evaluation method of all kinds of the plan selection, carries on the qilian mountain nature reserve the comprehensive assessment of ecological assets value, and then puts forward its ecological asset value of value of countermeasures.The market value method, travel cost method, the cost method and opportunity cost method in qilian mountain nature reserve of ecological assets directly use value evaluation, mainly including direct real value (wood product value, the value of forest products) and direct non-food value (scientific research value, cultural education value, tourism value), evaluate the results show that the qilian mountain nature reserve of ecological assets used directly for0.6823one hundred million yuan/a, including direct real value of2.6million yuan/a, direct non-food value of0.656one hundred million yuan/a.Natural protection area in qilian mountain forest ecosystem services value as its indirect use value evaluation target, the shadow engineering method, opportunity cost method, the market value method and replacement cost method to water conservation and the spitting carbon oxygen, protection, soil organic matter production, purify air and nutrient cycling and accumulating six service function value evaluation. Assessment of the results:qilian mountain nature reserve of ecological assets totaled120.6436billion yuan indirect use/a, including water conservation value of115.2357billion yuan/a; Fixing carbon and value of1.5026billion yuan/a; Protect soil value of17million yuan/a, organic production value of195.9million yuan/a; Purify air value for3.4591billion yuan/a; Nutrients recycling and nutrient accumulated value of233.3million yuan/a.The conditions in qilian mountain nature reserve value method of ecological assets of non-use values were evaluated, and willingness to pay for the factors affecting the correlation analysis. The results show that the qilian mountain nature reserve of ecological assets worth the use to49million yuan/a, of which, the existence value for29.3million yuan/a, heritage value of10.3million yuan/a, select the value of9.4million yuan/a.Qilian mountain nature reserve,the total value of ecological assets for:120.7608billion yuan/a, combined with the evaluation results of the study, the author in qilian mountain nature reserve, the total value of ecological assets formation and value trend analysis and research, and to protect the ecological asset value of value approach puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.更多还原