【作者】 汪志刚；

【导师】 孙丰月； 郭文秀；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 作者通过对吉林东部大量的野外地质调查、分析测试和综合研究，深化了该区中生代成矿构造背景和成矿作用的认识。研究认为吉林东部中生代地壳演化经历了晩古生代-早中生代构造叠加，区内晚印支期形成的淡色碱性花岗岩（216±3Ma）和红旗岭岩浆熔离型铜镍硫化物矿床（232.75±0.95Ma）代表古亚洲洋构造域演化的结束，此后吉林东部完全归属滨太平洋构造域进入早燕山期大规模成矿，中侏罗-早白垩世大规模推覆、晚燕山期岩石圈拆沉减薄阶段。早燕山期大规模成矿作用与太平洋板块俯冲有关，形成了大黑山花岗闪长斑岩（170±3Ma）、八道河子花岗斑岩（174.4±0.59Ma）等一系列钙碱性花岗岩，并形成了与深成二长花岗岩有关的网脉状钼矿床如福安堡钼矿、季德屯钼矿、八道河子钼矿，与岩株型斑岩有关的大黑山斑岩型钼矿，吉林东部中侏罗世热液成矿作用达到高峰。这些矿床在中国东部普遍发育，与美国西部与碱性、碱钙性花岗岩有关的斑岩型钼矿的动力学背景存在明显差异。本区矿床形成于俯冲挤压构造岩浆体系内，属低品位钼矿床；而美国西部为大陆弧后伸展构造岩浆体系内形成的高品位钼矿。燕山晚期吉林东部属小兴安岭-张广才岭巨型成矿带南部，中国东部及区域内大规模的岩石圈拆沉，在伸展体制下在吉林东部形成了小西南岔铜金矿、杨金沟钨矿、四平山门银矿、刺猬沟、五凤-五星山金矿等一大批内生金矿床，代表了中生代吉林东部又一个成矿高峰期。首次提出吉林省中生代存在大规模推覆构造的认识，并厘定了推覆构造的动力来源、活动时间及其地质记录。因后期强烈的抬升改造，推覆构造现在主要表现为一系列相对孤立的飞来峰构造群，如四平-长春地区甚至辽宁昌平地区存在众多孤立的飞来峰，另外在集安-白山-辉南一带多地存在推覆逆冲断层和飞来峰构造。综合分析确定其形成和运动时间为190-130Ma，其动力学来源是太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的强烈俯冲，是西太平洋区欧亚大陆边缘从被动大陆边缘转化成活动大陆边缘的重要构造体制转化期的产物。通过LA-ICP-MS高精度锆石U-Pb测年和辉钼矿Re-Os测年等方法获得各典型矿区成矿岩成矿年龄如下：获得了二道甸子金矿区两组片麻状花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄，一组的加权平均年龄为（242.0±1.8）Ma；谐和年龄值（242.6±0.84）Ma；另一组（5个锆石）谐和年龄为（241.7±1.6）Ma，二者年龄十分接近。2个锆石点谐和年龄（299.2±4.1）Ma，为单颗粒锆石核部的年龄值，应为捕获的海西期岩浆锆石。3个锆石点谐和年龄值（254.1±2.5）Ma应为捕获的海西末形成的岩浆锆石。主容矿的花岗岩7个锆石点数据较集中，锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为（245.2±2.0）Ma；2个锆石点谐和年龄（499.8±4.0）Ma，为单颗粒锆石核部的年龄值，应为捕获的加里东期岩浆锆石。对八道河子钼矿进行了成矿岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和矿石辉钼矿Re-Os定年测试，我们获得花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为（177.3±1.2）Ma，谐和年龄值（177.4±0.59）Ma，177Ma±应代表花岗斑岩的侵位年龄。八道河子钼矿矿石辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为（178.3±4.4）Ma，加权平均模式年龄为176.9±1.4Ma，与岩体年龄十分接近。同时大黑山、福安堡钼矿采样获得辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为分别为（168.2±3.2）Ma和（166.9±6.7）Ma，获得红旗岭三道岗含矿辉石岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb平均年龄为（232.75±0.95）Ma。这些数据厘定了不同时期岩体的侵位时间和相关矿床的成矿时间，丰富了成岩成矿年代学资料，同时为成矿动力学背景研究提供了重要参考。流体包裹体测试和研究表明，海沟金矿成矿流体为富CO₂的流体，成矿均一温度为258.2³31.3℃，盐度为7.44⁸.94wt%NaCl，密度为0.75⁰.88g/cm-3，估算深度为8.7¹0.1km，海沟金矿属中成造山型金矿。二道甸子流体属气液两相流体，成矿均一温度在141.2²96.7℃，盐度为1.22⁴.79wt%NaCl，密度为0.74⁰.94g/cm-3，成矿深度为1.04².33km（前人测试结果估算的成矿深度6.03⁸.15km），认为二道甸子金矿属浅成造山型金矿。四平山门银矿为气液两相流体，均一温度143.5³06.7℃，峰值在160¹90℃区间内，盐度为0.87⁶.14wt%NaCl，密度为0.71⁰.96g/cm-3，估算成矿深度为1.03².65km，山门银矿属浅成低温热液银矿床。八道河子钼矿为气液两相流体，成矿均一温度为154.1³37.2℃，峰值集中在170.0²40.0℃之间，盐度值为0.35⁵.99%NaCl，密度为0.71⁰.95g/cm-3，估算成矿深度1.01².64km。上述数据提高了吉林东部典型矿床研究程度，积累了可靠的数据资料。成矿研究方面，对吉林东部斑岩型钼矿/细网脉状钼矿进行了系统研究，并与国外类似矿床进行了对比，确定我国东北地区的钼矿床的成矿母岩为钙碱性花岗质岩石系列，形成于大陆挤压构造背景条件，主要有两个亚类，即与岩株型侵入体有关的钼矿床（以大黑山钼矿为代表）和深成侵入体型（季德屯、福安堡等钼矿），与北美加拿大的钼矿床类似；而美国细网脉状钼矿床（如著名的Climax钼矿）的成矿母岩主要为碱性和碱钙性侵入岩，形成与大陆弧后伸展构造条件下。通过研究区内14个典型矿床的解剖，明确了吉林东部中生代主要内生金属矿床成因类型。吉林东部印支晚期形成了红旗岭、茶尖岭、三道岗、漂河川等岩浆熔离型铜镍硫化物矿床；早燕山期形成了以夹皮沟金矿、海沟金矿、二道甸子金矿、英沟锑金矿地壳不同深度层次的造山型金矿，兰家矽卡岩型金（铁）矿、天宝山矽卡岩型铅-锌-铜多金属矿，以大黑山钼矿、二密铜矿、小西南岔金矿为代表的斑岩型矿床，以福安堡、季德屯为代表的网脉型钼矿床。晚燕山期小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带形成了黑龙江三道湾子、东安金矿和乌拉嘎金矿以及本区的刺猬沟金矿、五凤-五星山金矿、山门银矿等浅成低温热液矿床，同时形成杨金沟大型中温石英脉型钨矿床。岩浆成矿专属性方面，确定包括吉林东部在内的中国东部钼矿床为与钙碱性系列有关的钼矿床，而美国西部地区的钼矿床与碱性、碱钙性侵入岩有关。吉林东部岩浆岩成矿具有明显的磁铁矿系列与钛铁矿系列花岗岩成矿专属性特点，分别指示了成岩时不同的氧化还原条件。磁铁矿系列氧逸度较高，代表了相对氧化的成岩环境，形成温度较低，深度较浅，控制了Au、Ag、Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn等矿产的形成；钛铁矿系列氧逸度较低，代表了相对还原的成岩环境，形成温度较高、深度较大，主要控制了W、Sn等矿产的形成。根据成矿作用内在联系，建立了区域成矿系列，即吉林东部中生代印支晚期216²32Ma、燕山早期200¹60Ma、燕山晚期130¹00Ma三个时期，形成了由不同矿种和矿床类型构成的中生代3个不同的内生金属成矿系列，分别是印支晚期岩浆熔离型Cu-Ni硫化物矿床成矿系列；早燕山期W、Mo、Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb造山型-矽卡岩型-斑岩型-网脉型多金属矿床成矿系列；晚燕山期浅成低温热液-斑岩型-中温热液脉型Cu、W、Au、Ag多金属成矿系列。在成矿系列研究基础上，总结了吉林东部中生代内生金属矿床的时空分布规律。印支晚期成矿系列铜镍硫化物矿床分布于吉黑造山带内靠近华北板块北缘一侧；其余两个成矿系列的矿床在吉林东部全区发育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on detailed field survey, analysis and synthetical researches in the eastern partof Jinlin Province, the author deepened the Mesozoic metallogenic tectonic settings andmetallogenesis. It was thought that the eastern part of Jilin province underwent the latePaleozoic-early Mesozoic superposition, late Indosinian-early Yanshanian transition ofbetween two tectonic domain, middle Jurassic-early Cretaceous large scale thrust and lateYanshanian lithosphere detachment and thinning. The late Indosinian light alkaline granite（216±3Ma）and Hongqiling magmatic liquation-type Cu-Ni sulfide deposits（232.75±0.95Ma）represent the end of Paleo-Asian tectonic domain. Since that time, the studyingregion came into the period of circum-Pacific tectonic domain. Early Yanshanian largescale mineralizations were related to subduction of Pacific plate, which formed a series ofcalc-alkaline granite like Daheishan granodiorite porphyrite （170±3Ma） and Badaohezigranite porphyrite （174.4±0.59Ma）. Then network-type Mo deposit like Fu’anpu,Jidetun, Badaohezi related to plutonic monzonite and porphyry Mo deposit like Daheishanfomed, respectively. The hydrothermal mineralizations reach to the climax. These types ofdeposits develop commonly in the eastern part of China, whose geodynamic settings aredifferent from those of porphyry Mo deposits related with alkaline, calc-alkaline granites.The ore deposits in eastern part of Jilin province formed in compressional structural-magmatic system, in deeper locality close to subduction zone, which belong to low-gradeMo deposits. While the deposits in the western part of USA formed in post-subductionextensional structural-magmatic system and in shallower locality far away fromsubduction zone, which belong to high-grade Mo deposits. In the late Yanshanian, theeastern part of Jilin province belongs to the south part of Xiao hinggan ling-Zhangguangcailing huge metallogenic belt. Because of large-scale lithosphere detachmentin the region and East China, A series of gold endogenetic deposits includingXiaoxinancha Cu-Au, Yangjingou W, Shanmen Ag, Ciweigou Au, Wufeng Au andWuxingshan Au deposits formed in extensional system. It is represent anothermetallogenic climax in the eastern part of Jilin province. It was the first time to propose that there exist large-scale nappe structure in Mesozoicin Jilin province. The author determines the dynamic sources, active time, and geologicalrecords of it. Because of later strong uplift, the nappe structure is characterized by a seriesof alone klippe in cluding those in Siping-Changchun and even in Changping in Liaoningprovince, and some thrust faults and klippes in Ji’an-Baishan-Huinan. It was thought thatthe forming time is190-130Ma, and dynamic source derived from strong subduction ofpacific plate toward Euroasia continent. It was the product of the tranversion period thatEuroasia continental margin in the western Pacific transferred from passive margin toactive one.According to LA-ICP-MS high precision zircon U-Pb dating and molybdenite Re-Osdating, the author got diagenetic and metallogenic ages as follows: There are two groupsof LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages for gneissic granites in Erdaodianzi gold deposit. Theweighted mean age for the first group is242.0±1.8Ma, the concordant age is242.6±0.84Ma; the concordant age for second group （5zircons） is241.7±1.6Ma, whichmatch well with the first one. There are still two zircons has the concordant age of299.2±4.1Ma, which represent the cores derived from Hercynian inherited zircons. Thereare other three zircons with concordant age of254.1±1Ma, which may be late Hercynianinherited zircons. Seven zircons from the ore-bearing granite have the concordant age of245.2±2.0Ma, and there are other two zircons from it have the concordant age of499.8±4.0Ma, which are also represent the cores derived from Caledonian zircons.According LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and molybdenite Re-Os dating for BadaoheziMo deposit, the weighted mean age of zircons U-Pb dating for granite porphyry is177.3±1.2Ma, concordant age is177.4±0.59Ma, so the177Ma±can represent the intrusiveage of granite porphyry. The molybdenite Re-Os isochron age is178.3±4.4Ma, and itsweighted mean age is176.9±1.4Ma that is close to the diagenetic age of rock bodies. Themolybdenite Re-Os isochron ages for Daheishan and Fu’anpu are168.2±3.2Ma and166.9±6.7Ma, respectively, and the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb weighted mean age is232.75±0.95Ma for ore-bearing pyroxenite in Sandaogang deposit in Hongqiling Nideposit. Such ages characterized different periods of intrusive rocks and conrrespondingmineral deposits. They are affluent in diagenetic and metallogenic data, and are importantreference for geodynamic settings.According to fluid inclusions researches, it was shown that ore fluid from Haigougold deposit is characterized by CO₂rich water. The homogenization temperatures of fluidare258.2³31.3℃, salinity are7.44⁸.94wt%NaCl，density are0.75⁰.88g/cm-3, andcalculated depth are8.7¹0.1km，so it was thought that Haigou gold deposit belongs tomesozonal orogenic gold deposit. The fluid from Erdaodianzi gold deposit is characterizedby two-phase aqueous fluid. The homogenization temperatures of fluid are141.2²96.7℃, salinities are1.22⁴.79wt%NaCl，densities are0.74⁰.94g/cm3, and calculated depths are1.04².33km，so it was thought that Erdaodianzi gold deposit belongs to mesozonal toepizonal orogenic gold deposit. The fluid from Shanmen Ag deposit in Siping city is alsocharacterized by two-phase aqueous fluid. The homogenization temperatures of fluid are143.5³06.7℃with peaks from160to190℃,salinities are0.87⁶.14wt%NaCl，densitiesare0.71⁰.96g/cm3, and calculated depths are1.03².65km，so it was thought thatShanmen Ag deposit belong to epithermal Ag deposit. The fluid from Bdaohezi Modeposit is also characterized by two-phase aqueous fluid. The homogenizationtemperatures of fluid are154.1³37.2℃with peaks from140to240℃, salinities are0.35⁵.99%NaCl，densities are0.71⁰.95g/cm3, and calculated depths are1.01².64km.The above data improve the research degree of typical deposits in the eastern Jilinprovince and are reliable data.Among metallogenesis in Jilin province, the author researches the porphyry andfine-network-type Mo deposits in the east part of Jilin province and compares them tothose abroad. It was concluded that the parent rock belongs to calc-alkaline granitoidrocks in compressional settings. They can be divided into two sub-classes, i.e. stock type（e.g. Daheishan） and plutonic rock type （e.g. Jidetun, fu’anpu） similar to those in theNorth American. The parent rocks of some fine-network-type Mo deposits in USA （e.g.Climax） are alkaline and calc-alkaline intrusions in extensional tectonic environment.According to researches to14typical deposits, the author ascertains major genetictypes of endogenetic metal deposits in the Mesozoic in the eastern part of Jilin province.Hongqiling, Chaqianling, Sandaogang, Piaohechuan magmatic liquation-type Cu-Nisulfide deposits formed in the late Indosinian, and different depths of Jiapigou, Haigou,Erdaodianzi gold deposits and Yinggou Sb-Au deposits, then Lanjia skarn-type Au （Fe）deposit, Tianbaoshan skarn-type Pb-Zn-Cu-polymetal deposit, Daheishan Mo, Ermi Cu,Xiaoxi’nancha Au and Badaohezi Mo porphyry deposits in the early Yanshanian. In XiaoHinggan Liing-Zhangguangcailing metallogenic belt, Sandaowanzi, Dong’an and Wulagagold deposits in Heilongjiang province formed in the late of Yanshanian. And Ciweigougold and Wufeng-Wuxingshan gold and Shanmen Ag epithermal deposits, Yangjingoularge-scale scheelite deposit and Shanmen large-scale Ag deposit and Yangjingoularge-scale mesothermal quartz-vein-type W deposit formed in the eastern part of Jilinprovince in the same late Yanshanian.There is exclusive metallogenic species with magmatic rocks. Mo deposits in theeastern part of China including eastern part of Jilin province are related with calc-alkalineseries of intrusive rocks, while those Mo deposits in North American are related withalkaline or calc-alkaline intrusive rocks. The intrusive rocks in eastern part of Jilinprovince show exclusive metallogenic species with granites series of magnetite and ilmenite, which denote different oxidative-reductive conditions during diagenesis.Magnetite series of granites have high oxygen fugacity, which represent oxidativediagenetic environment, low temperature and shallow depth. They control forming of Au,Ag, Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn deposits. On the contrary, Ilmenite series of granites have low oxygenfugacity, which represent reductive diagenetic environment, high temperature and deepdepth. They control forming of W and Sn deposits.According to inherent relationship of metallogenesis, the author built regionalmetallogenic series. Three different endogenetic metallogenic series that consist ofdifferent ore species and genetic types formed in the late Inosinian of216-232Ma, earlyYanshanian of200-160Ma, and late of Yanshanian of130-100Ma in the Mesozoic in theeastern part of Jilin province, respectively. Such metallogenic series include the lateIndosinian magmatic liquation-type Cu-Ni sulfide deposits, early Yanshanian orogenic,skarn-type, porphyry, network Au, W, Mo, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, polymetal deposits and lateYanshanian epithermal, porphyry, mesothermal vein-type Cu, Au, Ag, W deposits. Basedon researches to metallogenic series, the author summarized the spatio-temporalregularities for Mesozoic endogenetic metal deposits in eastern part of Jilin province. Thelate Indosinian metallogenic series of magmatic liquation Cu-Ni sulfide deposits arelocated in the Ji-Hei orogenic belt close to the north margin of North China plate, and theother two metallogenic series are all distributed among whole eastern part of Jilinprovince.更多还原