【作者】 刘洪利；

【导师】 陈建平；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 资源与环境遥感， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 经国家天文台授权，中国地质大学（北京）使用嫦娥1号卫星遥感数据。本论文以中国地质大学（北京）和国家天文台合作“绕月探测工程科学数据应用与研究”（863计划）重点项目为依托，进行遥感信息提取，构建全月球虚拟现实，开展科学研究。本文在获得的400轨嫦娥1号激光高度计测高数据（2B数据）和CCD立体相机影像基础上开展遥感信息提取与处理工作。该批数据是根据卫星轨道数据进行高程解算，经过高程、几何校准后的科学数据。首先把这批数据进行高程换算，再导入ERDAS，利用ERDAS软件及数据内插法生成高分辨率全月球DEM模型。在高分辨率全月球DEM模型基础上，进一步进行信息提取与处理工作，构建全月球虚拟现实。首先对月球表面进行三维模型构建，导入立体相机影像，再利用Super3Deditor平台渲染成月面真三维虚拟现实场景。全月球虚拟现实的构建为月球科学的研究提供了崭新的技术手段，在全月球虚拟现实中可以进行更深层次的信息提取与处理工作，如任意漫游、测量、标注、截图等工作。全月球虚拟现实成为月球信息提取与处理的高等级技术手段。本论文的主要成果与创新可以概括如下：1、基于嫦娥1号卫星激光高度计数据，建立高分辨率DEM模型对于激光高度计数据信息进行提取与处理，把得到的400轨激光高度计数据进行高程换算，处理奇异数据，得到文本高程文件。导入ERDAS进行数据处理、内插运算，得到了全月球DEM（数字高程模型）影像。空间分辨率：纬度方向（沿经线）607m，经度方向（沿纬线）303m。输出全月球DEM模型。2、构建全月球真三维虚拟现实以全月球DEM模型为基础，构建全月球虚拟现实。月球三维模型构建是个人工（或者自动）几何建模的过程，几何建模构建的是形状和纹理，月球DEM规定了月球模型的形状，月球影像决定了月球模型的纹理。几何模型的形状(多边形、三角形、顶点和样条)构成有限制，纹理大小也有限制，月球三维模型的构建过程就是不断的DEM重采样和影像的切割与提取的过程。每个级别的三维模型的切割块数决定了文件数目。当浏览月球三维模型的时候，模型加载是逐级变化的。利用嫦娥1号所搭载的三线阵CCD相机所拍摄的经过经辐射、几何、光度校正后的1082轨数据产品（CCD 2C数据），拼接的全月影像图进行贴图，设置参数渲染生成月面真三维虚拟现实。全月球虚拟现实成为月面信息提取的全新技术手段。3、利用全月球虚拟现实进行月面信息提取以Super3Deditor为搭载平台的全月球虚拟现实操作系统支持任意漫游、高度测量、地面距离测量、直线距离测量、面积测量、斜率测量、截图、作标记等工作。本文对于月面重要目标在虚拟场景中作了标注，截取了部分虚拟场景图像。任意选择月面50座撞击坑进行直径测量，验证d = k_dD~n，d多项式关系，d为撞击坑深度，D为撞击坑直径，求得n = 1.9。选择了柏拉图月溪、阿尔卑斯峡谷做了长度测量。4、利用全月球虚拟现实显示奇异数据并分析——寻找新的研究领域对于激光高度计2B数据中存在的偶然误差产生原因进行了理论分析，分析得出月面坡度越大，奇异数据产生越多；月面坡度频繁变化，会产生大量奇异数据。全月球虚拟现实成为显示奇异数据的很好技术，在全月球虚拟现实中奇异高程数据被很好地显示出来，并可以进行深层次分析。奇异数据按纬度主要分布在低纬（30°N→-30°S）和高纬（70°N→90°N、-70°S→-90°S）。按经度分析在0°→30°W之间出现一个峰值（20°W左右）。而在20°W左右的赤道以南地区的中纬度出现的错误数据峰值，与第谷撞击坑的辐射纹重合，在虚拟现实中进行研究发现，该辐射纹深度大且结构复杂。奇异数据的产生在一定程度上反映了月面地形的复杂程度，而表面地形在很大程度上受制于地下的构造情况影响，对于奇异数据的分析有利于月球地质构造的解译。这是种新的研究领域。5、发现了Google Moon的严重错误登陆Google Moon网站（http://earth.google.com/moon/）发现月球上标记的南北回归线为23°26′（同地球南北回归线），与事实不符，发生严重错误。月球上北回归线为1°32′N，南回归线为1°32′S，这也就是月球上一年中太阳光直射变化的纬度范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 Authorized by Nation Astronomical Observatory, China University ofGeosciences has the right to use CE-1 remote sensing data. The thesis forms with thepriority project named“Application and Research to the Scientific Data of LunarOrbiter Project”(863 Program) as the base, extracting remote sensing information,constructing virtual reality of the full lunar for scientific research.The altimetry data of 400-circle CE-1 laser altimeter (2B) is a scientific data,which is founded upon the lunar area coordinate. It comes into being through altitudecalculation basing on satellite trajectory data, via altitude and geometrical orientation,and the research is done based upon it. The high resolution lunar DEM is producedvia leading modified altitude data to ERDAS, using ERDAS software and datainterpolation method.Based on the high resolution lunar DEM model, the next work for this thesis areextracting and dealing with further information, constructing virtual reality of the fulllunar. First, build the three-dimensional model of the lunar surface, importthree-dimensional camera image, and then use Super3Deditor platform drawing thelunar surface true three-dimensional virtual reality scenes. The virtual reality of thefull lunar provides a new means of technology for lunar science research, that is uponthe technology of virtual reality of the full lunar, a further work of informationextraction and processing can develop, such as arbitrary roaming, measurement,annotation, screen shots and so on. The virtual reality of the full lunar technology hasbecome a high-grade technical means for information extraction and processing. Themajor achievements and innovation of this paper can be summarized as follows:1. Building high-resolution DEM model on the basis of the CE-1 satellite laseraltimeter data.Extract and process laser altimeter data to get the 400-circle laser altimeter data,then do elevation conversion and dispose singular data in order to get the textelevation file. Import the file into ERDAS for data processing and interpolationoperations to acquire full lunar DEM (digital elevation model) image. Spatialresolution: latitude, longitude, 607m, longitude direction (along the weft) 303m, andput the full lunar DEM model out.2. Constructing the full lunar of true three-dimensional virtual realityConstruction of the virtual reality of full lunar is based on full lunar DEM model. Generating lunar three-dimensional model is an artificial or automatic geometricmodeling process, which describes shape and texture. Lunar DEM defines the shapeof lunar model, and lunar image defines the texture of it. The construction ofgeometric model shape (polygon, triangle, tiptop and spline) and texture areconditional, so the process of generating lunar three-dimensional model is a continualcourse of resample and slicing, extracting images. The number of files depends on theslicing lumps numbers of three-dimensional model in every level. When browsinglunar three-dimensional model, model import is changing from one level to another.The lunar true three-dimensional virtual reality generates by using 1082-circle dataproduction (CCD 2C data), which comes out via radiation, geometric and photometricadjustments to the data captured by the CCD piranha color in CE-1.The virtual realityof the full lunar becomes a new technique for the extraction of lunar surfaceinformation.3. Using the virtual reality of the full lunar to abstract information on the lunarsurfaceThe full lunar virtual reality operating system which equipped withSuper3Deditor as the platform can support any roaming, height measuring, grounddistance measurement, the straight line distance measurement, area measurement, theslope measurements, screenshots, marking and so on. In the thesis, important pointson the lunar surface in the virtual scene have been marked, and a part of the virtualscene images have been intercepted. Measured the diameter of 50 craters which wereselected arbitrarily on the lunar surface in order to verify polynomialrelations d = k_dD~n,d stands for the crater depth, D is the crater diameter, finally getthat n = 1.9. The result of length measurement fof Plato Wolgye and Alpine Canyon isselected.4. Making use of the full lunar virtual reality to display and analyze singular datain order to look for new areas of researchIn the thesis, there is theoretical analysis to the cause of accidental error in thelaser altimeter 2B data, which reveals that the greater the slope of the lunar surface is,the more the singular data is, that is to say, frequent changes in the slope of the lunarsurface would produce great amount of singular data. The virtual reality of the fulllunar appears to be good technology for displaying singular data, and singularelevation data are displayed in the virtual reality of the full lunar which can be analyzed in further. Singular data latitudes are mainly located at low latitudes (30°N→-30°S) and high latitudes (70°N and S→90°N, -70°→-90°S). A peak (20°W orso) appears at 0°→30°W through longitude analysis. The fault peak data in themid-latitude regions in the south of the equator around 20°W coincides with theradiation pattern of the Tycho crater, and it is found that in virtual reality research, theradiation pattern exists with deep depth and complex structure. Singular data to acertain extent reflects the complexity of the topography of the lunar surface, thesurface topography of underground tectonic situation is highly subject to singularanalysis of the data interpretation of the lunar geological structures, which is a newarea for research.5. Finding a serious error of Google MoonVisiting the Web site http://earth.google.com/moon/ of Google Moon, it is foundthat the moon is marked with 23°26’on the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn,the same with those of Earth, which is a serious error, inconsistent with the facts. Onthe Moon, Tropic of Cancer is 1°32’N, while Tropic of Capricorn 1°32’S, which is thelatitude range of direct sunlight spot moving on the moon in a year.更多还原