【作者】 赵海卿；

【导师】 万力； 胡伏生；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 水文学及水资源， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 地下水是生态环境的支撑要素之一，是维系地球浅表水分、盐分、热量均衡和生物多样性的调节器。任何一种植物对水、盐、热的适应都有自己的最佳阈值和可忍耐极限。因此，适宜的地下水位（潜水位）是维护植被群落稳定的重要条件，尤其是在干旱、半干旱地区，地表生态与地下水位息息相关。选择吉林西部平原区作为研究范围，通过多种技术方法分析吉林西部平原区地下水动态变化特征及主要影响因素，确定合理的地下水生态水位，从而指导地下水资源的合理开发，保持地下水埋深维持在合理范围内，维持生态植被的正常生长，降低土壤盐渍化和荒漠化的风险，促进社会经济与生态环境的协调可持续发展。（1）在综述研究区自然条件与水文地质条件的基础上，采用泛克里金法深入地分析研究区2000-2009年近10年的地下水埋深的空间变化特征与趋势，并利用式项式逐步回归法对影响地下水埋深变化的因素进行了分析和探讨。（2）利用收集的资料，分析了研究区近年来地下水开发利用状况。通过计算，取多年平均各项补给量之和作为地下水资源量，确定了相应的地下水可开采量。（3）通过野外调查和室内实验研究，运用地理信息（GIS）技术，建立了研究区土壤质地、土地利用类型和地下水矿化度的数据图层。通过数据图层的叠置分析，对研究区的水土类型进行了划分。根据不同地段内地下水位动态及蒸发强度资料，计算出极限蒸发深度作为研究区生态水位的下限阈值。根据不同水土类型植被根系层厚度和毛细上升高度，同时考虑地下水矿化度的影响，确定出植被根系层厚度与毛细上升高度之和作为研究区生态水位的上限阈值，并划定了地下水生态水位的适宜区间及地下水过剩区和亏缺区的分布范围。（4）利用ArcGIS软件的制图、计算功能，将研究区内地下水现状实际埋深与地下水生态水位上限和下限制成dem文件，应用MINUS工具和填挖工具，计算研究区内地下水亏缺区和过剩区面积以及亏缺和过剩的体积，将亏缺或过剩体积乘以该区域的给水度，得到研究区地下水水位恢复至适宜区间的地下水调控量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Groundwater is one of the support elements of the ecological environment. It is theregulator to maintain the Earth’s shallow water, salt, heat balance and the biodiversity.Any kind of plants for water, salt, heat has its own optimal threshold and endurancelimit. Therefore, appropriate water level (phreatic level) is the important condition formaintaining the stability of vegetation communities. Especially in arid, semi-arid areas,surface ecological and groundwater levels are closely related.The west plain of Jilin was selected as the scope of the study. We analyzed thegroundwater dynamic changes in characteristics and the main factors and determined thereasonable groundwater ecology water level through a variety of technical methods inWest plain of Jilin area. Thus the result can guide the rational development of groundwaterresources, keeping groundwater level at a reasonable range, maintaining the normal growthof the plants, reducing the risk of secondary salinization and desertification and promotingthe coordinated development of socio-economic and ecological environment.(1) On the basis of summarizing the natural and geological conditions of study area, we deeplyanalyzed the nearly 10 years of temporal and spatial variation of groundwater level from2000 to 2009 using Kriging method. And analyzed and discussed the factors of effect thetemporal and spatial variation of groundwater table using stepwise regression method.(2) Using the collected data, we analyzed the exploitation and utilization ofgroundwater in the study area in recent years. Then, taking multi-year average of therecharge as groundwater resources, we determined the appropriate exploitation ofgroundwater by calculating.(3) Through field investigations and laboratory experiments, we established soiltexture, land use type and groundwater salinity data layers using the geographicinformation (GIS) technologies in the study area. The type of soil and water of the studyarea has been divided through overlay analysis. According to the data of groundwater andevaporate intensity in different locations within the study area, we determined that theecological water level threshold was equal to the limit evaporation depth. According to the different areas vegetation root layer thickness and height of capillary rise, taking intoaccount the salinity of groundwater, we determined that the ecological water levelthreshold was equal to the sum of vegetation root thickness and capillary rise high. And thedistribution of appropriate zone of groundwater ecological water level and groundwatersurplus area and deficit area were delimited.(4) Using ArcGIS software of drawing, and calculation function, we made thegroundwater status actual buried deep and groundwater ecological water level ceiling andlower to the dem file. Calculation of the area and volume of groundwater deficit andexcess with the MINUS tools and filled dug tools. Then make the volume multiplied bythe specific yield, to get the amount of regulation of groundwater level return to theappropriate zone.更多还原