【作者】 朱志刚；

【导师】 姜建军； 张建平；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 生态地质学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 碎裂岩质滑坡是在复杂的地质环境条件下孕育演化而成的，这类滑坡在自然界普遍存在，目前人们对这类滑坡的研究较少，当采用现有碎裂岩体结构的研究方法时容易得到错误的结论。因此，研究该类滑坡具有重要的理论价值和实际工程指导意义，且对碎裂岩质边坡的研究也有重要的参考价值。本文以具有典型碎裂岩质滑坡特征的双大路滑坡工程为依托，运用现场勘查、现场监测、室内外试验、数值模拟计算、理论分析等多手段综合研究碎裂岩质滑坡的基本特征、形成条件、成因演化机制；通过室内外试验、数值模拟计算、工程经验类比分析及力学参数反分析等来综合选取滑坡的力学参数，比较选择碎裂岩质滑坡的稳定性分析方法，建立一整套适合碎裂岩质滑坡的力学参数选取及稳定性评价体系，在此基础上研究碎裂岩质滑坡的锚固体系设计理论及坡面植被防护技术。双大路碎裂岩质滑坡是由页岩组，泥质白云岩组及其层间错动带组成的“隐伏型”顺层滑坡，具有“滑移－拉裂－挤压（剪切）”的三段式的变形模式。本文利用工程地质分析原理，研究碎裂岩体和层间错动带形成演化机制，揭示出易滑的坡体结构是滑坡形成的物质基础；推导出卸荷影响范围计算公式，计算出层间错动带位于影响范围内；数值计算表明卸荷引起层间错动带应力集中而破坏，说明开挖卸荷是引起滑坡变形的直接诱因；在此基础上提出碎裂岩质路堑边坡和滑坡的破坏模式的转化条件；裂缝及深部位移分布规律表明滑坡处于整体滑移的前期阶段，抗滑段在滑坡变形机制和稳定机制中具有重要地位，也是滑坡稳定评价和治理的关键；提出基于稳定状态的分段验证的参数选取的方法；通过数值计算及极限平衡计算的方法确定出抗滑段的潜在滑裂面及其连接方法，确定该类型滑坡和碎裂岩质边坡的破坏模式和稳定性评价方法；通过对比分析传统方法，提出基于强度折减法的剩余推力计算方法。锚索格构梁对碎裂岩质边坡表层压缩作用明显，锚索预应力以“体力”型式作用在深度坡体内，“体力”在坡体内衰减比例很大，据此提出“等效锚固墙”的概念；提出锚索锚固段设计施工注意事项；针对现有规范对预应力锚固效应考虑的不足，提出基于“等效锚固墙”的锚固设计方法；基于Winkle弹性地基梁理论，研究出纵横梁荷载分配比可按底面宽度比考虑，提出格构梁优化设计方法；提出基于监测锚索格构梁控制效果的评价方法；基于边坡表层稳定性和生态修复要求，研究提出碎裂岩体植被护坡技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 The landslide in cataclastic rock mass is formed and developed under complex geologicalenvironmental conditions.This kind of landslide widely exists in many different areas. At present,there are few researches on this kind of landslide; it often gets the wrong conclusions when usingcurrent research methods. So studies on this kind of landslide have important theoretical valueand practical engineering instruction. It has also important reference values for the cutting slopein cataclastic rock mass.This paper takes the example of Shuangdalu landslide in Beijing. which is a representativeof the landslide in cataclastic rock mass. In order to analyze the basic characteristics, formingand developing condition, hazard mechanism, a comprehensive and multi-method study isadopted, including in-site exploration, in-site monitoring, outdoor and indoor tests, numericalsimulation, theoretical analysis method, etc. Through the indoor and outdoor experiments,numerical simulation and analogous analysis of engineering experience and mechanicalparameters back analysis method, the mechanics parameters and stability analysis method of thelandslide in cataclastic rock mass are selected. On this basis, a whole set of mechanicalparameter selection and the stability assessment system suitable for cataclastic rock mass is setup in this paper. At last, the theoretical design of anchorage system and vegetation protectiontechnique on cataclastic rock mass are studied.The Shuangdalu landslide is a hidden landslide along bedding, occurred in shale,argillaceous dolomite and inter-bedded fault zone. This landslide is characterized by threesections model--sliding-tension-extrusion (cracking-shearing). In this paper, by usingengineering geology analysis principle, the forming and developing mechanisms of thecataclastic rock mass and inter-bedded fault zone are studied. It reveals that the slippery slopestructure is the material basis for landslide origin, and the formula of sphere of influence ofunloading is deduced, the affected areas of inter-beded fault zone is calculated, at the same time,the numerical results show that excavation unloading causes the inter-bedded fault zonedestruction and stress concentration, This shows that the excavation unloading is the directcause of landslide deformation. On this basis, the transformation criterion of failure mode in thecataclastic rock cutting slope and landslide are summarized. Cracks and deep displacementdistribution law indicate that the landslide is at the early stage of the overall slip. The“anti-sliding layer”is extremely important in the deformation control and stability of thelandslide, which is also the key factor for the stability assessment of landslide and for thedevelopment of control methods. The segmented validation parameter selection method based on steady-state is proposed. On this basis, the potential slip surface of the anti-sliding sectionand its connection method is calculated by the numerical calculation and limit equilibriummethods. The type of failure modes and stability analysis method of landslide and cutting slopein cataclastic rock mass are proposed. The calculation method based on the strength reductionof the residual thrust is proposed by comparative analysis of traditional methods.Slope surface compression effaced by anchor and the lattice frame anchor structure is veryobvious. Prestressed anchors play a role of the“body stress”in the depth of the slope, and the“body stress”in the slope decay quickly, on this basis, the concept of“equivalent anchoringwall”is proposed. The notices of anchor section segment design and construction are proposed.Prestressed anchor design method by load - structure model is proposed to make up the shortfallof prestressed anchor effect considered by existing norms. Based on the Winkle elasticfoundation beam theory, it is proposed that vertical and horizontal beam load distribution ratiocan be considered according to the radio of the underside width, at the same time, a new designmethod is given. The assessment method based on the monitoring the controlling effect theanchor and the lattice frame anchor structure is proposed. Vegetation slope protection technologyis developed which is suitable for the cataclastic rock and considering the slope surface stabilityproblems and ecological requirements.更多还原