【作者】 李子梅；

【导师】 杨进；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 裂隙是石窟文物的主要病害，目前裂隙无损检测方法有超声波探测法、电阻率微测深法、探地雷达等。受现场环境限制石窟裂隙信息采集人工现场接触测量费时费力，很难满足快速施工需要，借鉴已有的岩体裂隙信息采集方案的基础上，本文提出了利用近景摄影测量进行石质文物裂隙病害检测的方法，并联合近景摄影测量与超声波探测技术对云冈石窟表面的病害进行无损检测方法研究。结果表明，物探方法与近景摄影测量相结合的检测技术对石质文物裂隙病害检测是非常高效的，有较高的工程实际意义，是一种很有发展潜力的石窟裂隙病害的检测手段。通过研究总结出应用近景摄影测量快速获取岩体裂隙多个参数信息的工作方法，为石质文物裂隙信息的快速获取开拓了新的研究方向。本文设计了由数码相机与测距仪等组成的石质文物图像采集系统，得到了较好的效果图片数据，使用平面棋盘方格靶标对试验中采用的相机进行标定试验，获得相机内、外参数及畸变参数。将采集到的裂隙图像通过小波分解，得到多分辨率图像，在低分辨率图像中识别重度裂隙，在高分辨率图像中完成中度和轻度裂隙的识别任务。在分析裂隙图像特征的基础上，针对其灰度特征、尺度特征、频域特征、方向特征和边缘特征，提出相应的图像质量改善方法，并利用Otsu，边缘检测技术和轮廓提取等图像处理算法准确的识别出图像中的裂隙。以Delphi为开发平台研制了裂隙识别系统，进行岩体裂隙特征提取与识别，测试表明，开发的裂隙识别系统能很好的对裂隙进行识别提取，并在实际工作中具有较好的应用价值。以门头沟为测试区和以云冈石窟为实测区，使用了多种物探方法进行测量，通过对物探方法测量数据结果与近景摄影测量数据结果对比，表明近景摄影技术观测精度已达到较高的水平，是一种很有发展潜力的石窟裂隙病害的测量手段。结合超声波法检测裂隙的深度，推算裂隙体的体积计算理论公式，为后期灌浆工作提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Crack is the main disease of grotto relics. At present, nondestructive detection methods of crack are ultrasonic detection methodand resistivity micro sounding method and ground penetrating radar,etc. Affected by the environmental constraints, manual contact measurement collection information of cave cracks is time-consuming and laborious; it can not meet the rapid construction needs. Refer tothe existing acquisition scheme for rock cracks information, thispaper proposed the method of close-range photogrammetry to detect the disease of stone relics cracks，and jointed the ultrasonic detection method to research the nondestructive detection method for Yungang Grottoes surface disease. The results showed that, combined geophysical method and close-range photogrammetry method is very efficient for detecting stone relics crack, had higher practical significance in engineering and is a great development potential measuringmeans for crack disease. Through researching obtained close-rangephotogrammetry working method to quickly obtain rock cracks parameters information, and opened up a new research direction for quicklyacquiring cracks information.This paper designed the image acquisition system using the digital camera and rangefinder and other device, got better result picture data, and calibrated the camera used in the test using the plane chessboard grid target to get inside and external and distortionparameters of the camera.Fracture identification focuses on mild fissure extraction. Decomposed the collected cracks images by wavelet,we gained multi resolution image,recognized severe cracks in a lowresolution image and recognized moderate and mild cracks in high resolution image. Based on analyzing image characteristics such as g ray feature，scale feature，frequency domain feature and edge feature, put forward the corresponding image quality improving method andused Otsu, edge detection and contour extraction image processingalgorithms to accurately identify cracks in the image.Developed the recognition system taking Delphi as the development platform to extract cracks feature and recognize the rock fractures, the test showed that the system can efficiently recognize thecrack image and has good application value in practical work. Developed the recognition system taking Delphi as the development platform to extract cracks feature and recognize the rock fractures, thetest showed that the system can efficiently recognize the crack image and has good application value in practical work. We used a variety of geophysical methods to measure In Mentougou as the testing area and the Yungang Grottoes as the measured area. In contrast to the geophysical prospecting method measurement data and close-rangephotogrammetry data results, the results showed that the close-range photogrammetric technology observation precision has reached a higher level, and is a great development potential measuring means for detecting the crack disease. Combined with ultrasonic method detecting the crack depth, gave a crack’s volume theoretical formula asthe theoretical basis for post grouting work.更多还原