【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 余柏椿；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 城市风貌是城市环境给人的视觉感知映像,它是展示城市形象、体现城市特色、反映城市环境品质的重要窗口。作为一种城市资源,城市风貌被越来越多的城市作为谋求发展的战略方向,城市风貌研究也越来越受重视。城镇化进程中,城市物质环境一度出现繁杂状、无序化、身份特征丧失、文化特色退化等问题。作为城镇化的阵痛表现,我们一方面需要理性的认识到这是发展过程中的应激反应,另一方面,切实的探讨一种解决现实问题的理论与方法,对城市可持续发展是非常必要的。城市风貌就如同城市机体运转状态的指示剂,它的良优好坏直接反映了城市系统运行的健康与否。基于此,本文提出城市风貌优化的研究课题,以“城市风貌”作为研究对象,探索城市风貌与城市发展之间的深层次互动关系。本文的研究目标是：针对当下城市风貌的现实问题,基于城市风貌的系统优化目标,提出城市风貌的协同优化理论与规划方法。城市风貌问题产生的根源在于：城市风貌现象与城市运行机理在认识和行为上的不协调。城市风貌是城市形成与发展的一种表现形式,它是一种城市现象。现象的产生受到内生规则的策动与环境条件的制约,城市风貌不是单纯的物质环境形态,它遵循一定的发展规律与动力演化机制。良好的城市风貌与城市物质空间要素的发展和组织相互协调、与城市环境条件和地域特征相适应、与城市主体人的需求和认知模式相契合、与城市发展规律和运行模式相匹配。即,城市风貌是与城市机体动态协调的互动存在。因此,本文提出的核心理念是协同,旨在系统协同理念下建构可持续发展的城市风貌优化运作体系。论文按照城市风貌是什么、城市风貌怎样形成与发展、城市风貌如何优化这一逻辑思路,从城市风貌对象认知和概念界定、城市风貌协同演化过程与规律、城市风貌协同优化理论、城市风貌协同优化规划方法四个主要内容展开讨论。论文主体部分依次分为四项：一是城市风貌的理论与实践研究现状的分析,从系统视角,解析城市风貌概念,阐述城市风貌的构成、属性、特征,梳理研究对象的基本条件。第二,城市风貌现象分析,选取实际案例做比较研究,从城市风貌形成与发展的动力机制、城市风貌样态与环境的适应关系、城市风貌构成要素之间的互动联系三个方面,对城市风貌的形成与演化过程进行内生机制与发展规律的研究。以协同学为理论工具,提出城市风貌的协同进化规律,为城市风貌的协同优化理论提供事实依据。第三,城市风貌协同优化理论的建构,提出城市风貌协同优化理论的基本观点,深入阐述该理论解决城市风貌现实问题的规划方法和实现框架,为城市风貌的协同优化规划建立理论依据。第四,基于城市风貌协同优化理论的规划方法,在城市规划与设计体系内,形成城市风貌协同优化的目标、方法模式和技术策略。通过案例解析,探讨协同优化理论在城市风貌营造中的现实意义。通过理论建构和实践探讨,本文提出以下结论：第一,城市风貌协同优化的实质是建构一种城市风貌“秩序”,包括物质要素的组织构成秩序和城市机体运作的内生运动秩序。第二,城市风貌是一种系统协同的动态存在。这种协同不仅指城市风貌物质要素之间的相互合作,还包括物质要素与自然、社会、经济、文化等外部环境的协同,也包括城市风貌样态与主体认知模式的协同,甚至包括城市风貌营造与城市发展客观规律的协同。第三,城市风貌的形成是动态协同的进化过程。竞争、涨落、适应性选择、反馈、演替与进化是这个运动过程的组织机制,也是城市风貌营造中需要珍视的客观规律。第四,城市风貌协同优化方法遵循协同支配原理。导入序参量、刺激正反馈、顺应支配律是实现城市风貌协同优化的关键步骤。第五,城市风貌协同优化并不是一种规划类型,也不是一步到位的规划蓝图。它是城市风貌的一种发展理念,以城市风貌与它相关因素的协调发展为原则,通过适当的引导与控制,使城市在不断的发展中营造良好的人居环境,并且形成可持续性的、优化生长的城市风貌。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cityscape is the perception image of urban visual environment. It shows a city’s image, characteristic and environment quality. As an important urban resources, cityscape becomes the development strategic direction in more and more cities, and the cityscape research is attached much more attention and value. In the urbanization, the city physical environment is under complex disorder, identity loss and cultural characteristics degradation. As the pains of urbanization, for one side, the cityscape questions are the certain stress responses during the city development process; on the other hand, It is turly necessary that explores the theory and methods to solve the cityscape practical problems and promote urban sustainable development. Cityscape is the indicator of the city functioning works, It reflects the city system running health or not. Based on this, this paper raises the cityscape optimization research, takes cityscape as the object of study, explores the deep interactive relationship between the cityscape and urban development.This paper aims at the practical problens of cityscape development, provides the cityscape system optimization goal, explores the synergy optimization theory and planning of cityscape. The cityscape problems root is the incompatibility of the cityscape phenomenon and the running mechanism. Cityscape is an expression of the city formation and its development, which is an urban phenomenon. The phenomenon instigated by the rules of the endogenous and the environmental conditions. Citysacpe is not a purely physical environment form, it follows the law of development and evolution mechanism. The excellent cityscape is coordinated with the urban space elements development and organization, fit with the city environment conditions and geographical features, matched with the needs of city’s main person and the cognitive models, and accorded with the city development law and the operating mode. In a word, cityscape is the presence of coordinated interaction with the city dynamic. Therefore, this paper proposes the core concept of synergy, which aims to construct sustainable cityscape and the cityscape optimize operation system.The logical clew of this paper is deduced through three parts:what is cityscape, how cityscape develop and form, how to optimize cityscape. It talks over four main discussion in this paper:the definition and conception of cityscape, the synergy evolution process and laws of cityscape, the synergy optimization theory, and the synergy urban planning of cityscape. There are four principal parts in this paper. First, the analysis of the cityscape theory and practice research, form the system perspective, resolves the concept of cityscape, expounds the cityscape composition, properties, characteristics, clears the basic conditions of the study object. Second, the analysis of the phenomenon of cityscape, selects the practice cases, studies the dynamic mechanism of cityscape, the adapt relationship between cityscape style and the environment, and the interaction relationship in the constitute elements, to explore the inherent mechanism and develop laws in the cityscape evolution. Take synergetics as a theory tool, this paper proposes the co-evolution lae of cityscape, which provides a factual basis for the cityscape synergy optimization theory. Third, establishing the cityscape synergy optimization theory, expounds the cityscape planning methods and theory framework, establishes a theory basis for cityscape collaborative optimization. Fourth, based on the cityscape synergy optimization theory and planning methods, forms the cityscape synergy optimization goals, methods, models and technology strategy. With the case analysis, explores the practical significance of synergy optimization in the cityscape formation.Based on the theory construction and practice analysis, this paper presents the following conclusions:First, the essence of cityscape synergy optimization is to construct a cityscape order, including the organizational order of the material elements of cityscape and the internal order of city operation. Second, cityscape is a system synergy dynamical exists. The cityscape synergy is not only refers to the mutual cooperation between the cityscape material elements, but also the collaboration between the material elements with the environment of natural, social, economy, and civilization, and the collaboration of the cityscape image with the subject cognitive models, even including the collaboration of the cityscape formation with the city development laws. Third, the cityscape formation is a dynamic synergy process of evolution. Competition, fluctuations, adaptive options, feedback, succession and evolution are the organizational mechanisms in the movement process, which are also the objective laws that need to cherish in the cityscape creation. Fourth, cityscape synergy optimization method follows the principle of collaborative disposable. Importing the order parameter, stimulating positive feedback, adapting dominate law are the key steps of cityscape synergy optimization. Fifth, cityscape synergy optimization is not just one kind of urban planning, or neither one blueprint accomplished at one stroke. It is a cityscape development concept, with the principle of cityscape and the relevant factors coordination development, through the appropriate guidance and control, constructs a good living environment in the constantly city development, and promotes a sustainable, optimizational growing cityscape.更多还原