【作者】 张乾；

【导师】 李晓峰；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 人类营造聚落的目的是获取舒适的人居环境,只有适应气候的聚落才具备创造良好人居环境的基本条件。聚落的气候适应性研究就是研究聚落怎样适应气候,创造良好的人居环境。聚落气候适应性研究是聚落人居环境研究的重要组成部分。传统聚落经过长期的自然选择与进化,积累了很多宝贵的气候适应经验、方法和智慧,是祖先遗留给我们的宝贵财富。对传统聚落气候适应性的研究,是对传统遗产的继承,也是发展与完善当代聚落人居环境研究体系的重要途径之一。随着全球经济文化一体化的浪潮,传统聚落正在快速消失,其中的宝贵经验、方法和智慧也随之消失。因此进行传统聚落的气候适应性研究刻不容缓。另一方面我国当前如火如荼的新农村聚落建设缺乏对于气候适应性的关注和实现方法和技术支撑,亟待相关研究成果指导当代聚落建设实践。然而我国的传统聚落气候适应性研究近期才刚刚展开,相关研究少,研究理论和方法体系尚未建立。怎样研究,研究成果如何运用仍然是困扰当前聚落研究的问题。本文的研究正是在这样的背景下开展的,希望能够通过对于鄂东南传统聚落气候适应性的研究,发展与完善聚落气候适应性研究的方法体系。笔者在长期实地考察与观测的基础上,开展了鄂东南传统聚落的空间特征与气候适应性的关联性研究,总结了鄂东南传统聚落的空间特征规律,以及气候适应性策略,并分析了空间特征与气候适应性的关联性,从而得出了鄂东南传统聚落独特的气候适应方法。在此基础上,开展了鄂东南地区新聚落范式的绿色再生研究,生成了继承传统聚落气候适应性与集约化优势,又能够满足当代功能需求的新聚落范式。并在设计实践中运用本文的研究成果,为建设适应地域气候特征的节能、节地型新农村聚落提供了有益的方法和思路。首先通过建筑气候分析工具,分析了鄂东南地区的气候特点,通过建筑生物气候设计方法分析得出了相应的建筑气候适应策略。发现传统聚落通过经验累积得出的气候适应方式和通过现代气候分析方法得出的结论是一致的。接着分析了鄂东南传统聚落和住宅的材料与构造系统,并依据夏热冬冷地区住宅节能标准,对一栋典型的鄂东南传统住宅进行分析,发现传统住宅的围护结构热工参数达不到要求。但是实际上传统住宅却通过聚落建筑群体形成的空间系统的作用实现了良好的夏季性能。然后研究了鄂东南传统聚落的空间系统构成和特征,通过空间分析和特征统计的方式给出了鄂东南传统聚落空间系统和天井式住宅的空间系统组成和空间特征。随后研究了鄂东南传统聚落的物理环境,包括热环境、光环境,分析了聚落物理环境与聚落空间特征之间的关联性,得出了适应当地气候的关键性聚落空间特征,并总结得到了鄂东南传统聚落的气候适应策略和实现方式。最后运用鄂东南传统聚落研究的方法和成果,对该地区的当代聚落进行了研究,在继承传统聚落气候适应性与集约化优势的基础上,根据当代的功能需求进行了新聚落范式的绿色再生研究,提出了适应当代需求的新聚落模型,并在新农村设计实践中得以运用。本文对于鄂东南传统聚落的空间特征和气候适应性的研究成果可以提高对传统聚落的认知水平,促进对于传统聚落遗产的正确理解和运用,为传统聚落优势的继承和发展提供基础。对于当代新聚落范式的研究成果有助于提高当地居民的居住质量、降低能耗、节约土地,帮助实现鄂东南地区乡村聚落的绿色可持续发展,具有广泛的社会价值和意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of Human’s settlement is to create comfortable living environment.only adapt to climate, the settlement is able to create the good living environment. The study of the settlement climate adaptability is focus on how to adapt the climateand how to create a good living environment. The climate adaptability study is one of the most important part of the residential environment research.After long-term natural selection and evolve, traditional settlements have accumulated a lot of experience methods and wisdom for climate.They are precious wealth left by our ancestors. Traditional settlements’climate adaptability study is one of the way which inherit the traditional wealth, develop and improve the living environment of contemporary settlementsalso.With the tide of global integration of economy and culture, the traditional settlements are rapidly disappearing.The precious experience, method and wisdom are rapidly disappearing too. So the research on traditional settlements’climate adaptability is urgently needed.On the other hand, in our country present, the new rural settlements lack attentions to climate adaptation and lack realization method and technical support either.Research achievements for guiding contemporary settlements practice are needed urgently.But China’s traditional settlements climate adaptability studies have just launchedrecently, less related researchachievements.The theory and method system has not been set up. How to study and the research achievements how to use in contemporary settlements practice are still not solved.My research is in this context, hope through traditional settlements climate adaptability study insoutheast hubei, to development and improve the research method system.In this paper, by means of long-term on-the-spot investigation and observation, carried out the research on the relation between space of traditional settlements system and climate adaptability of Southeastern Hubei region, summarized the spatial characteristics of traditional settlement, as well as the climate adaptation strategies, and analyzed the relevance of the spatial features and climate adaptation, resulting in a unique climate adaptation method of traditional settlementin Southeastern Hubei region. On this basis, carried out the research of the green-regeneration of new settlements paradigm in Southeastern Hubei region, resulted a new settlements paradigm that can inherit the climate adaptability andintensive advantages of traditional settlement, and also can meet the functional demand of contemporary. The research results can be applied to the practice, and provides a useful method and train of thought for the construction of energy-saving, land-saving new rural settlement that can adapt to regional climate characteristics.At first, analyzed the climate characteristic of Southeastern Hubei region by the building climate analysis tools, and result the strategy of climate adaptation with Building bioclimatic design method. Found that the climate adaptability method of traditional settlement get through experience is consistent with the result by modern climate analysis tool.The next, analyzed the material and structural system of traditional dwellings, researched a typical traditional dwellings, found that the thermal parameters of envelope structure are not comply with the design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone. But in fact, the traditional dwellings achieve a good performance in summer with the space system that formed by settlement building groups. Then studied the space system of traditional settlements in Southeastern Hubei region. Through spatial analysis and statistics, result thesystem composition and space characteristic of traditionalsettlement space system and patio dwelling space system in Southeastern Hubei region.And then studied the physical environment of traditional settlement in Southeastern Hubei region, including the thermal environment andthe light environment.Analyzed the relationship of the physical environment and thecharacteristics of settlement space, Obtained the key characteristic of settlement space that adapt the local climate. Summarized the climate adaptability strategies and ways of realization of traditional settlement in Southeastern Hubei region.At last, researched the contemporary settlement with the methods and achievements.In the succession of climate adaptability and intensive advantages of traditional settlement, researched the green-regeneration of new settlements paradigm according to contemporary need, carried out a new settlement model that can meet the contemporarydemands, and practiced in a new rural design.The research results of this paper about spatial characteristic and climate adaptability of traditional settlement inSoutheastern Hubei regioncan improve the cognitive level of traditional settlement, promote the correct understanding and use of traditional settlement, also can be foundation for the inheritance and development of traditional settlement. The research results of contemporary new settlement paradigm can help to improve the living quality, reducing energy consumption, saving land for local residents, as well as can help achieve the sustainable development of rural area in Southeastern Hubei region, there’s wide range of social value and significance.更多还原