【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 马彦琳；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 行政管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 城市集群是指城市及其相关社会经济活动遵循交通便利、规模经济、集聚经济、范围经济等原则,向特定区域集聚、组合的动态过程,是区域范围内城市个体之间内在联系不断强化的结果。长期以来,在中国城市集群经济效益高速增长的背后,资源利用效率低下、社会总效率下降的趋势渐强,中国城市集群的可持续发展受到严重威胁。如何应用科学的手段评价中国城市集群经济效率,引导城市集群理性发展,无疑是我国实现区域可持续发展进程中亟待解决的一个现实问题。论文首先在总结前人研究成果的基础上,界定城市集群的概念,利用统计分析和地理信息技术,识别得出2000年中国已形成19个城市集群区域。并以城市集群演化规律及实际发展水平为标准,将中国城市集群归并为大都市区、城市圈(城市带)、城市群和都市连绵区四种类型。中国城市集群的演化发展主要受资源禀赋、知识创造、社会文化、产业体系以及政策制度等因素影响。从历时角度来看,中国城市集群发展主要经历了古代的萌芽期、近现代的发育期和当代的成长期。从共时角度来看,政府和市场共同作用产生集聚和扩散效应,从而影响和改变着城市集群的演化发展轨迹。其次,利用DEA分析法中VRS模型,测得2009年中国19个城市集群经济效率平均值为0.830,即达到最优水平的83%。其中,各城市集群的规模水平比较适度,而纯技术效率低下是影响目前中国城市集群经济效率提高的主要原因。从三大地域视角来看,中国东部城市集群平均经济效率最高,西部次之,中部最低。从不同空间形态视角来看,城市集群中,都市连绵区平均经济效率水平最高,城市圈(城市带)与城市群紧随其后,大都市区的平均经济效率水平最低。接着,利用Malmquist生产率指数模型,测得2003至2009年间,中国城市集群经济效率累积变动幅度很小,城市集群平均经济效率并未显著提高。在经济效率累积变动的空间分布上,中国城市集群表现出较强的区域一体化发展趋势；在经济效率年均变动水平上,大都市区和城市群呈现出微弱递增趋势,而都市连绵区表现出微弱递减趋势,仅有城市圈(城市带)经济效率年均水平保持不变。继而,面板数据随机效应模型的参数估计结果显示，产业结构、金融发展水平、经济开放程度和硬件状况对中国城市集群经济效率起着显著的正向促进作用。尽管未能检测出不同区域以及不同空间形态下,城市集群经济效率影响因素的差异性,但值得肯定是,中国城市集群经济效牢水平是多种影响因素协同作用的结果。为了使有限的资源在配置中达到最优组合,进而提升中国城市集群经济效率,本论文提出,首先,应树立正确的城市集群治理理念,这不仅要求以科学发展观为指导,强化效率与效益并重的思想,还要坚持从全局观念出发,引导城市集群理性发展；其次,应根据格城市集群实际发展需要,灵活选择多层级委员会、松散的多主体参与、城市联盟以及多模式共存等治理模式；再次,要规范治理的运行机制,在治理方案的形成与执行、政策执行的奖惩以及治理协调机制上,应形成相应的标准和流程制度；最后,应重点从加强资源利用和环境保护的统筹规划、促进产业协调发展、积极推动技术进步以及合理布局基础设施四方面着手,实施多途径的治理措施,提升中国城市集群经济效率,以实现其可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban cluster refers to the dynamic process of urban and its socio-economic activities gathering and combination to a specific area which follow the principle of convenient transportation. Urban cluster is a result of intrinsic link which continue to strengthen among the regional individual urban areas. For a long time, behind the scenes of high-speed growth in economic benefits, the trend of the inefficient use of resources and total social efficiency gradually becomes stronger. The sustainable development of urban clusters in China is seriously threatened. Applying scientific methods to evaluate economic efficiency of urban clusters in China, and guide the rational development of urban clusters, is a real problem to be solved in our country to achieve regional sustainable development process.This paper summarized the results of previous studies, on the basis of proposed concept of urban clusters, utilized the statistical analysis and geographic information technologies, identified that China has formed19urban clusters since2000. As the standard of evolution and the actual level of development, urban clusters in China can be merged into the following four types:metropolitan area, urban circle (urban belt), urban agglomerations and metropolitan interlocking region. The evolution and development of urban clusters in China is mainly affected by the endowment of resources, knowledge creation, social culture, industrial system and policies institution factors. From the history point of view, the development of urban cluster in China experienced the infancy stage in the ancient world, growth stage at modern and contemporary, as well as maturity stage at present. From the synchronic point of view, the impact of concentration and diffusion from the combined effect of government and market, has influenced and changed the evolution development path of the urban cluster.This paper utilized the VRS model from DEA analysis, measured the average economic efficiency of19urban clusters which achieved0.83out of1on the optimal level. The scale of each urban cluster is relatively moderate. However, pure technical inefficiency is the main reason for the impact economic efficiency of urban cluster in China. From the perspective of three geographical regions, eastern urban clusters of China got the highest average economic efficiency, west region followed by and middle region got the lowest. From the perspective of different spatial forms, among the urban clusters, metropolitan interlocking region had the highest average level of economic efficiency, followed by the urban circle (urban belt) and urban agglomeration, the metropolitan area had the lowest average level of economic efficiency.The author utilized the Malmquist productivity index model, measured urban clusters in China from2003to2009, the economic efficiency of cumulative variation has changed slightly. Moreover, the average economic efficiency of urban cluster did not significantly improve. On the economic efficiency of cumulative variation in the spatial distribution, urban clusters in China showed a strong development trend of regional integration. On the annual average change in the level of economic efficiency, the metropolitan areas and urban agglomeration showing a weak increasing trend, metropolitan interlocking region showed a weak decreasing trend, only the urban circle (urban belt) remained unchanged on the annual average level of economic efficiency.The parameter’s estimated result from panel data random effects model showed that the industrial structure, the level of financial development, the economic openness and hardware status played a significant positive role in promoting the economic efficiency of urban clusters in China. Despite it failed to detect the differences in influencing factors of the economic efficiency for urban clusters under different regions and spatial forms, the level of economic efficiency of urban clusters in China is a result from variety factors synergies.In order to achieve the optimal combination of limited resources in configuration and to enhance the economic efficiency of urban clusters in China, we should establish a correct concept of urban clusters governance in the first place. The process requires not only guiding in scientific concept of development, strengthening equal emphasis on ideology of efficiency and effectiveness, but also insisting on starting from a holistic perspective and guiding the rational development of urban clusters. Secondly, the process should be based on the actual development needs of urban clusters in China; it should be flexible to choose such as governance mode, multi-level committee, the loose participation of multi-agent, the urban alliance and coexistence of multi-mode. Thirdly, the governance operating mechanism needs to be regulated, such as formulation and implementation of governance programs, reward and punishment of policy implementation; coordination mechanisms of governance should form the corresponding standards and procedures institution. Finally, it should be focused on overall planning of enhanced resource utilization and environmental protection, promoting the coordination development of industrial and the technological progress actively, promoting rational distribution on the basis of facilities and implementing the multi-channel governance measures, optimizing the economic efficiency of urban clusters in China, to achieve its sustainable development.更多还原