【作者】 杨贤；

【导师】 李朝晖； 毕亚雄；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着智能电网的发展,智能水电站的建设将是今后的主要发展方向和全新目标。状态监测与故障诊断是实现智能水电站的重要手段。水电站设备之间关系密切,相互耦合构成有机整体,设备分析与诊断需要关联相关设备状态,从全局进行考虑。为了全面准确地分析设备运行状态、评估设备健康状况,急需提供一个符合智能水电站要求的集成所有设备状态数据的一体化监测与分析平台。此外,让远程专家不用到现场通过网络就能实现设备分析与诊断,提高诊断效率,也是人们研究的热点。在对当前设备故障诊断技术以及水电站监测与分析系统研究现状进行总结的基础上,结合葛洲坝水电站的设备分析需求,通过理论与实践相结合,开展了面向智能水电站的远程监测与分析系统研究。首先分析了水电站设备故障的特点。在总结运行人员工作职责以及进行设备运行分析流程与方法的基础上,提出了能够模拟专家自动完成的水电站智能化设备运行分析方法：状态统计,通过状态周期性运行统计以及同工况运行统计,为设备运行分析提供数据支持；运行分析,关联设备工况与相关状态,通过工况关联阈值分析、关联分析以及趋势分析,评价设备健康状况,检测设备性能降低或故障；事件分析,通过设备故障树,对性能降低或故障事件进行分析,列出故障嫌疑设备；设备分析,采用基于诊断知识规则、基于仿真模型、签名分析以及交互式诊断等诊断方法,分析设备故障,确诊故障原因。并研究了方法的自动实现过程。分析了智能水电站的特征,介绍了水电站现有的监测与分析系统,包括监控系统、状态监测系统以及离线分析系统,研究了面向智能水电站系统集成的必要性。以机组集成状态监测系统为主体,通过信息共享、网络通信等技术,从现地层、厂站层以及企业层实现了各系统之间的集成,构建了水电站分层分布式一体化监测与分析系统,并采用时间同步、工况同步以及事件同步等手段,实现了各系统数据的有机融合与集成存储。根据系统层次结构的功能需求,研究了一体化系统的数据层次组织策略,介绍了数据内容与组织形式。分析了一体化系统的安全现状,采用安全分区、硬件隔离等策略,实现了系统安全防护,安全测试结果表明系统运行安全可靠。针对目前远程监测与诊断还需要专家到现场进行操作的不足,提出了远程零距离监测与诊断思想,即不用到现场通过网络就能实现远程监测与诊断,就像亲临现场一样,实现专家与现场零距离。根据专家现场工作的需求分析,设计了包含远程零距离状态巡检、运行分析、试验分析以及故障诊断的功能框架。为了实现远程用户与系统的交互,建立了基于RIA的远程信息交换模型。采用设备状态数字化、可视化导航以及系统状态自检测等手段,将设备状态、系统状态展示给专家,实现远程状态巡检；通过设备状态统计,集成阈值分析、关联分析以及趋势分析,为专家提供远程运行分析；系统自动识别机组“试验”(包括人工试验及正常运行经历的工况)、记录试验数据、计算试验性能指标、评价试验性能并生成试验报告,实现远程试验分析；提供原始数据提取、立体数据查询、故障特征分析以及故障诊断等功能应用,使得专家在远程就能进行故障分析与诊断。详细阐述了数据库、知识库设计以及功能实现方法。面向智能水电站的一体化远程零距离监测与分析系统已在葛洲坝水电站成功应用。结合实例,介绍了远程零距离监测、分析与诊断应用成果,验证了系统的可行性和实用性。水电站一体化远程零距离监测与分析系统为专家进行设备远程综合监测、分析、故障诊断以及维护决策提供了交互式信息平台,为运行人员进行运行分析、把握设备健康状况提供了强有力的辅助工具,为实现智能水电站打下了坚实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of smart grid, smart hydro power station building will be the future direction of development and a new target.And condition monitoring and fault diagnosis is an important means to achieve smart hydro power station. The equipments of hydropower stations have close relationships between them, and they constitute an organic whole coupled with each other. So analysis and diagnosis for the equipments needs to associate with the related equipment status and to be considered from the global. In order to analyze the operating status and evaluate the health of the equipment fully and accurately, an integrated monitoring and analysis platform integrated with all equipment status data is needed urgently, which meets the requirements of smart hydro power station. In addition, the study that the analysis and diagnosis can be achieved through the network instead of going to the site for the remote experts to improve the diagnosis efficiency is a focus for the researchers. Based on the summary of the current research situation of the equipment fault diagnosis technique and systems, the dissertation is focused on research an integrated remote monitoring and analysis system for smart hydro power station. The research is combined with the analysis needs of Gezhouba Hydro Power Station. And the methodology and technique are comprehensively investigated on integration of theory with practice.First, the characteristics of the equipment failure of hydro power station are analyzed. The work responsibilities and the procedures and methods of equipment operation analysis for the operating personnels are summarized. Then an intelligent equipment operation analysis method for the hydro power stations is present which can be performed automatically by simulating the experts. Status statistics provides data support for the equipment operaiotn analysis by periodical statistics and statistics in the same operation condition. Associated the operation condition and association status, the health status is evalutated and the performance degradation and failure is detected by operation analysis, which inclues the threshold analysis associated with the operation condition, association analysis and trend analysis. The performance degradation or failure event is analyzed by event analysis through fault trees and the fault suspect devices are list. Then the equipment failures are analyzed and the causes of the fault are confirmed by device analysis, which includes the diagnostic methods based knowledge rules, methods based simulation models, signature analysis as well as interactive diagnosis. The automatically realization of the method is studied. The characteristics of smart hydro power stations are analyzed and the existing monitoring and analysis sytems in the hydropower station are introduced, including monitoring and control system, condition monitoring systems as well as off-line analysis systems. The integration necessity of the systems for smart hydro power stations are studied. Taken the integration condition monitoring system as the main, various systems integration is realized from the site layer, the plant layer and the enterprise layer through information sharing, networking communications technologies. And an integrated hierarchical and distributed monitoring and analysis system is constituted. And time synchronization, operation condition synchronization and event synchronization means are adopted to achieve the organic integration and comprenhensive storage for the data of the system. According to the functional requirements of the system, the data hierarchy organizational strategy is studied and the data content and forms of organization are introduced. Then the safe status of the integrated system is analyzed. And the system security defence is carried out by the means of safe partition, hardware isolation,. The security test results show that the system is safe and reliable.For the current remote monitoring and analysis systems, it needs the experts to go to the site to operate. The idea of remote zero distance monitoring and diagnosis is proposed, that is, remote monitoring and diagnosis can be achieved through the network instead of going to the site for the experts, like experiencing on the site. And the zero distance is realized between the experts and the site. According to the needs analysis of the work on-stie, the function framework is designed, which contains remote zero distance status inspection, operation analysis, test analysis and fault diagnosis. In order to achieve the interaction between the remote uses and the system, the remote information exchange model based RIA is established. By means of equipment status digitization, visualization navigation as well as system status detection, the equipment and system status are displayed to the remote experts and the remote status inspection is realized. Remote operation analysis integrated threshold analysis, association analysis and trend analysis is provided for the experts through equipments status statistics. The system recognizes the test of the unit(manual test and the operation condition experienced in normal operation) and the test data are stored, then the test performance indicators are calculated and the test performance is evaluated, at last the test reports are generated automatically. So the remote test analysis is carried out. Besides, the tools of raw data extraction, three-dimensional data queries, fault characteristics analysis as well as fault diagnosis are provided, and the experts on the remote will be able to perform fault diagnosis. The database and knowledge base as well as the realization methods of the function are introduced in detail.The integrated remote zero distance monitoring and analysis system for the smart hydro power stations has been applied in Gezhouba Hydro Power Station successfully. Combined with the examples, the application achievement of remote zero distance monitoring, analysis and diagnosis are demonstrated, which proves the feasibility and practicability of the system. The system provides an interactive information platform for the expert to perform the monitoring, analysis, fault diagnosis and maintenance decision-making of the equipment. It also provides a powerful tool for the operating pesonnels to run the operation analysis and to grasp the health condition of the equipment. All the achievements laid a solid foundation to achieve smart hydropower stations.更多还原