【作者】 侯瑞；

【导师】 张鹤泉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国古代史， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 公元386年到公元581年在中国北方出现了北魏、东魏、西魏、北齐、北周五个王朝,是中国历史上的北朝时期。本文对北朝学校制度所涉及到的学校设置、教育人员、教育内容、教育方法、学校管理等方面内容进行了论述。全文共分为下列几个主要的部分：前言部分,包括研究对象的界定、前人研究的总结和写作思路的阐述等内容,是本文研究的基础。第一章,论述了北朝时期中央官学、地方官学和私学三类学校的设置情况。北朝时期中央官学按照其发展特点可以分为北魏前期、北魏后期和东西对峙时期等三个时期。中央官学的设立、类型、规模、分布等问题是本章探讨的重要问题。北朝时期形成了完整的地方官学体系。地方官学体系构成与规模等问题也是本文所探讨的问题。在北朝时期国家一度颁布了禁止私学的诏令,然而北魏后期以来,私学却得到了恢复发展。本章还探讨了私学类型与规模等问题。第二章,以北朝时期的教育人员为研究对象,探讨了教学活动中的老师和学生的情况。北朝时期教育活动中的教育者包括官学中的学官和私学中的教授者。本章通过分类研究,进而探讨了官学学官的类别、选任、待遇；私学教授者的类别、教学与收入等问题。北朝时期教学活动中的受教育者可以统称为诸生,既包括在官学之中求学之人也包括在私学之中求学之人。诸生的入学、求学、师生关系、结束学业后的出路等问题都是本章探讨的重要问题。第三章,论述了北朝时期的教育内容与教育方法。北朝时期的教育内容包括蒙学阶段的教育内容、学术教育内容和专业教育内容三个方面。在北朝时期的蒙学阶段。诸生主要学习《急就章》、《孝经》、《论语》等内容。这一时期学校教育的主要内容为五经为代表的儒家经典文献。玄学与佛学对于学校教育内容都产生了影响。在北朝时期也存在着各种专门教育的教学内容。北朝时期的教育者在教育的工作中所采用的讲诵法、问答法与辩难法、正面引导与反面惩戒法也是本章所探讨的问题。第四章,探讨了北朝时期学校管理的机构和管理规定情况。北朝时期学校管理机构主要包括太常寺、中书省和国子寺等机构。北朝时期管理学校的法令是《学令》。本章也探讨了学令的形成过程和内容,进而论述了北朝时期对于中央官学和地方官学的管理规定。结语部分,则是对本文论述内容的总结。此外在写作过程中收集、整理的资料列成表格作为附录附于文章最后以供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Northern Dynasties is a period in Chinese history, which has five dynasties: Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou in northern China from AD386to AD581. In this paper, we have discussed the school system of Northern Dynasties, including the school settings, educational persons, educational contents, educational methods, school management and other aspects.The preface is the basis of this study. It contains the object of the study, the summary of previous research and the writing ideas.In chapterⅠ, we discuss three types of school settings, such as the Northern Dynasties Central Official School, Local Official School, and Private School. Central Official School can be divided into three periods in accordance with the characteristics of their stage of development. They are Early Northern Wei period, Late Northern Wei period, and east-west confrontation period. In this chapter, we explore some important issues:The establishment, type, size, distribution and other issues of the Central Official School. A complete system has been formed in The Local Official School in Northern Dynasties.This system’s type, size and other issues of the Central Official School are issues to explore in this chapter. Government in the Northern Dynasties once issued a decree prohibiting the Private School. However, the Private School has been a resumption of development. We also discussed the type, size and other issues of the Private School.In chapter II, as the object of study, the educational persons in Northern Dynasties, which include teachers and students in the teaching activities, have been discussed. The educator of the educational activities in Northern Dynasties contains the Officer in the Official School and the Professor in the Private School. In this chapter, we discussed the type, elective and treatment of the Officer and the Professor in the School by the classification research. The educated person of the educational activities in Northern Dynasties collectively referred to as All Students, which contains the students in the Official School and Private School. The enrollment, study, teacher-student relationship and graduation of the All Students are the important issues to explore in this chapter.In chapter Ⅲ, we discussed the Educational content and Educational methods in Northern Dynasties. The Educational content of the Northern Dynasties include the Elementary Education, School Education and Specialized Education. The All Students in the Elementary Education study the contents of Ji Jiu Zhang,Xiao Jing, and Lun Yu. The main content of the School Education in this period is the Confucian classic literature, such as Five Jing. The Xuanxue and the Buddhism Affect the School Education. There also have Specialized Education in Northern Dynasties. The Educational methods in the Northern Dynasties have been discussed in this chapter.In chapter IV, we discussed the manage organs and the regulations of school. The manage organs of school include Taichang Si, and Guozi Si. The laws of the regulations of school are Xue Ling. We also discussed the form and content of the Xue Ling.The last section is a summary of the contents of this article. In addition, the collection of information in the writing process is tabulated as Appendix attached to the conclusion for later reference.更多还原